LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy promoted American power around the world. Describe how Woodrow Wilson’s missionary diplomacy ensured U.S. dominance in Latin America.

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

America as a World Power Section 4 America as a World Power The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution add to America’s military and economic power. NEXT

America as a World Power 4 SECTION America as a World Power Teddy Roosevelt and the World Roosevelt the Peacemaker Roosevelt does not want Europeans to control world economy, politics 1904, Japan, Russia dispute control of Korea Roosevelt negotiates Treaty of Portsmouth: - Japan gets Manchuria, Korea - Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize U.S., Japan continue diplomatic talks - pledge to respect each other’s possessions Continued . . . NEXT

SECTION 4: AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER Two events signaled America’s continued climb toward being the #1 world power 1) Roosevelt negotiated a settlement between Russia and Japan who had been at War – his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth won Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize 2) Construction of Panama Canal The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually

Guided Reading: Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy American Action Taken Consequences of that action Treaty of Portsmouth is negotiated. The Russo-Japanese War ended; the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Roosevelt; American prestige increased

Chapter 10 Section 4 A – What effect results of Roosevelt’s negotiations with the Japanese and Russians? Japan received half of Sakhalin Island but no cash payment. Russia agreed to let Japan take over Russian Interest in Manchuria and Korea. In future years, the two nations continued diplomatic talks. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.

4 SECTION continued Teddy Roosevelt and the World Panama Canal U.S. wants canal to cut travel time of commercial, military ships U.S. buys French company’s route through Panama Negotiates with Colombia to build Panama Canal; talks break down French company agent helps organize Panamanian rebellion - U.S. gives military aid U.S., Panama sign treaty; U.S. pays $10 million for Canal Zone Continued . . . NEXT

Guided Reading: Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy American Action Taken Consequences of that action US warships are used to ensure Panama’s independence. Rights to build the canal, to control the canal zone, and to intervene in Panama gained by the US; US-Latin American relations severely damaged

THE PANAMA CANAL By the early 20th century, many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama It would greatly reduce travel times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans “The shortcut”

Constructing the Canal 4 SECTION continued Teddy Roosevelt and the World Constructing the Canal Construction of canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats - fight diseases, geographic obstacles - at height, 43,400 workers employed Continued . . . NEXT

BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL 1904-1914 The French had already unsuccessfully attempted to build a canal through Panama America first had to help Panama win their independence from Colombia – which it did Construction of the Canal stands as one of the greatest engineering feats of all-time Cost- $380 million Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time – Construction took 10 years

Panama Canal

This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line (canal) cutting across the middle of Panama

Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal, which became sole property of Panama in the year 2000

Chapter 10 Section 4 B – What problems did canal workers encounter in constructing the canal? Builders fought disease and the difficult removal of soft volcanic soil. They also had to clear brush and drain swamps.

Who built the Canal?

Guided Reading: Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy American Action Taken Consequences of that action Panama Canal is built. Travel time between Atlantic and Pacific reduced; American prestige increased; US-Latin American relations severely damaged

The Roosevelt Corollary 4 SECTION continued Teddy Roosevelt and the World The Roosevelt Corollary • Roosevelt fears European intervention if Latin America defaults • Reminds Europeans of Monroe Doctrine, demands they stay out • Roosevelt Corollary—U.S. to use force to protect economic interests NEXT

4 SECTION continued Teddy Roosevelt and the World Dollar Diplomacy • Early 1900s, U.S. exercises police power on several occasions • Dollar diplomacy—U.S. guarantees foreign loans by U.S. business – TAFT NEXT

Guided Reading: Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy American Action Taken Consequences of that action Roosevelt Corollary is adopted. US adoption of Dollar Diplomacy; US military intervene in Latin America, especially in Nicaragua

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy 4 SECTION Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy The Mexican Revolution • Missionary diplomacy—U.S. has moral responsibility: - will not recognize regimes that are oppressive, undemocratic • Under dictator Porfirio Díaz, much U.S. investment in Mexico • 1911, peasants, workers led by Francisco Madero overthrow Díaz • General Victoriano Huerta takes over government; Madero is murdered • Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government Continued . . . NEXT

Chapter 10 Section 4 C – Why did President Wilson refuse to recognize Huerta’s government? Wilson was following his policy of missionary diplomacy. He considered Huerta a murderer because he had ordered rebel leader Francisco Madero executed.

Intervention in Mexico 4 SECTION continued Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Intervention in Mexico Huerta’s officers arrest U.S. sailors, quickly release them Wilson orders Marines to occupy Veracruz Argentina, Brazil, Chile mediate to avoid war Huerta regime falls; nationalist Venustiano Carranza new president Continued . . . NEXT

Veracruz Invasion

4 SECTION continued Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Rebellion in Mexico • Francisco “Pancho” Villa, Emiliano Zapata oppose Carranza - Zapata wants land reform - Villa a fierce nationalist • Wilson recognizes Carranza’s government; Villa threatens reprisals - Villa’s men kill Americans Continued . . . NEXT

Guided Reading: Wilson’s “Missionary” Diplomacy American Action Taken Consequences of that action Wilson uses a minor incident with Mexico as an excuse to occupy Veracruz. Deaths of at least 200 Mexicans; US and Mexico brought to the brink of war

Chapter 10 Section 4 Guided Reading: Wilson’s “Missionary” Diplomacy American Action Taken Wilson recognizes the Carranza government. Consequences of that action US comes into conflict with Pancho Villa

4 SECTION continued Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Chasing Villa • Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing leads force to capture Villa • Carranza demands withdrawal of U.S. troops; Wilson at first refuses • U.S. faces war in Europe, wants peace on southern border - Wilson orders Pershing home • Mexico adopts new constitution: - government controls oil, minerals - restricts foreign investors • 1920, Alvaro Obregón new president; ends civil war, starts reforms NEXT

Nationalized

Guided Reading: Wilson’s “Missionary” Diplomacy American Action Taken Consequences of that action Wilson refuses Carranza’s demand to withdraw US troops sent into Mexico to capture Villa. Anti-American feeling in Mexico intensified; Mexico nationalized oil and mineral resources, adopts strict regulations on foreign investors