The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells All living things are made of cells Cells are the units of structure and function of all living things Cells are the units of structure and function of all living things Living cells come only from other living cells Living cells come only from other living cells

Cell structures or cell organelles Provide support and protection Provide support and protection Provide a barrier between the cell and its environment Provide a barrier between the cell and its environment Repair cell parts Repair cell parts Transport materials Transport materials Store and release energy Store and release energy Eliminate wastes Eliminate wastes Allow cells to increase in number Allow cells to increase in number

Cell Wall Made of ____________ Made of ____________ _____ living _____ living Protects and _________ the plant cell Protects and _________ the plant cell Found only in _______ cells not ________ cells Found only in _______ cells not ________ cells

Cell Wall Made of cellulose Made of cellulose Non living Non living Protects and supports the plant cell Protects and supports the plant cell Found only in plant cells not animal cells Found only in plant cells not animal cells

Cell membrane Outer covering of the _______ Outer covering of the _______ Protects and _________ the cell Protects and _________ the cell Animal cell membranes contain ________ and plant cell membranes ________ Animal cell membranes contain ________ and plant cell membranes ________ Controls the passage of materials _____________of the cell Controls the passage of materials _____________of the cell Semi-permeable (allows ______substances to pass in and out but not others) Semi-permeable (allows ______substances to pass in and out but not others)

Cell membrane Outer covering of the cell Outer covering of the cell Protects and supports the cell Protects and supports the cell Animal cell membranes contain cholesterol and plant cell membranes do not Animal cell membranes contain cholesterol and plant cell membranes do not Controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell Controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell Semi-permeable (allows some substances to pass in and out but not others) Semi-permeable (allows some substances to pass in and out but not others)

Nucleus Control center of the cell Control center of the cell Regulates or controls the ________ of the cell Regulates or controls the ________ of the cell Surrounded by the ______________which contains pores allowing the nucleus to communicate the other organelles Surrounded by the ______________which contains pores allowing the nucleus to communicate the other organelles _______directs the production of all cellular proteins _______directs the production of all cellular proteins

Nucleus Control center of the cell Control center of the cell Regulates or controls the activities of the cell Regulates or controls the activities of the cell Surrounded by the nuclear membrane which contains pores allowing the nucleus to communicate the other organelles Surrounded by the nuclear membrane which contains pores allowing the nucleus to communicate the other organelles DNA directs the production of all cellular proteins DNA directs the production of all cellular proteins

Cytoplasm Clear thick jellylike substance composed mostly of _______ Clear thick jellylike substance composed mostly of _______ Organelles are suspended in the __________ Organelles are suspended in the __________

Cytoplasm Clear thick jellylike substance composed mostly of water Clear thick jellylike substance composed mostly of water Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum Clear _________ network of passageways Clear _________ network of passageways _____________ channel in the cell _____________ channel in the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Clear tubular network of passageways Clear tubular network of passageways Transport channel in the cell Transport channel in the cell

Ribosomes Produced in the __________ Produced in the __________ Site of ________________ Site of ________________ Made primarily of ________ Made primarily of ________ Many are located along the _____________________________ Many are located along the _____________________________

Ribosomes Produced in the nucleolus Produced in the nucleolus Site of protein synthesis Site of protein synthesis Made primarily of RNA Made primarily of RNA Many are located along the endoplasmic reticulum Many are located along the endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria ____________of the cell ____________of the cell Site of ______________ – sugar is broken down and energy is released Site of ______________ – sugar is broken down and energy is released Has its own _______ Has its own _______ Scientists believe that they may have been independent cells that invaded other cells millions of years ago Scientists believe that they may have been independent cells that invaded other cells millions of years ago

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Powerhouse of the cell Site of cellular respiration – sugar is broken down and energy is released Site of cellular respiration – sugar is broken down and energy is released Has its own DNA Has its own DNA Scientists believe that they may have been independent cells that invaded other cells millions of years ago Scientists believe that they may have been independent cells that invaded other cells millions of years ago

Vacuoles Storage sacks for ________ _________ or ____________ Storage sacks for ________ _________ or ____________ Plant cells usually have _____ large vacuole Plant cells usually have _____ large vacuole Animal cells usually have a ______ small vacuoles Animal cells usually have a ______ small vacuoles

Vacuoles Storage sacks for food water or waste Storage sacks for food water or waste Plant cells usually have one large vacuole Plant cells usually have one large vacuole Animal cells usually have a few small vacuoles Animal cells usually have a few small vacuoles

Lysosome Common in ________ cells but not often found in plant cells Common in ________ cells but not often found in plant cells Small round organelles containing _________ Small round organelles containing _________ ___________ ___________ Responsible for _________ food, digesting old ____ _______ as part of the aging process, absorption of tadpole tail in frog development Responsible for _________ food, digesting old ____ _______ as part of the aging process, absorption of tadpole tail in frog development

Lysosome Common in animal cells but not often found in plant cells Common in animal cells but not often found in plant cells Small round organelles containing digestive enzymes Small round organelles containing digestive enzymes Responsible for digesting food, digesting old cell parts as part of the aging process, absorption of tadpole tail in frog development Responsible for digesting food, digesting old cell parts as part of the aging process, absorption of tadpole tail in frog development

Chloroplasts Contain the pigment ______________ Contain the pigment ______________ Site of _______________ Site of _______________ Found only in __________ Found only in __________

Chloroplasts Contain the pigment chlorophyll Contain the pigment chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis Site of photosynthesis Found only in plants Found only in plants

Cell specialization One celled organisms perform all necessary life functions One celled organisms perform all necessary life functions In multicellular organisms cells perform specialized functions In multicellular organisms cells perform specialized functions

Levels of Organization Cells tissues organs Cells tissues organs organ systems organisms Tissues – consist of cells similar in structure and function ex: bone tissue or muscle tissue Organ – groups of tissues that work together Ex: heart (muscle tissue, blood tissue, nerve tissue) Ex: heart (muscle tissue, blood tissue, nerve tissue)

Levels of Organization Organ system – groups of organs that work together (ex: circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood) Organ system – groups of organs that work together (ex: circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood) Organism – a group of organ systems that work together (ex: humans, dogs, cats, trees, etc.) Organism – a group of organ systems that work together (ex: humans, dogs, cats, trees, etc.)