DESCRIBING TRENDS

The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day. Source:http://writefix.com/?page_id=202

The busiest time of the day is in the morning The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.

In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.

Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening periods.

ADJECTIVE + NOUN There was a slight fall. It showed a lot of fluctuation. There was a sharp rise. There was a dramatic fall. …followed by stabilisation There was a slow increase.

VERB + ADVERB It fell slightly. It rose sharply. It fell dramatically. It fluctuated significantly. It levelled off. It increased slowly.

DIFFERENT VERBS It skyrocketed. It slipped. It sank. It plummeted. It soared. It levelled off. It rallied. It bottomed out.

NOUNS SORT OUT: a rise an upsurge a decline a fall an increase a decrease a drop an upturn a downturn There was a(n)…

MORE INTENSITY IN CHANGE LESS INTENSITY IN CHANGE ADJECTIVES SORT OUT: sharp, slight, dramatic, steep, slow, rapid, significant, gradual,sudden, gentle, substantial, considerable MORE INTENSITY IN CHANGE LESS INTENSITY IN CHANGE

ADJECTIVES→ADVERBS rapid quick slight moderate dramatic considerable substantial gradual steady rapidly quickly slightly moderately dramatically considerably substantially gradually steadily

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB? There was a __________fall. It fell _____________. There was a ____________upturn. The government decreased taxes ________. They reported a ___________ downturn.

TRANSLATE USING ‘RISE’ OR ‘RAISE’ Cijene rastu svaki dan. Cijene su narasle. Vlasnik često povisuje cijenu. Vlasnik je povisio cijenu. Prices rise every day. Prices rose. (Prices have risen.) The owner often raises the price. The owner raised the price.

INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE Prices rise. He raised the prices. TO BOOST THE ECONOMY TO SLASH TAXES TO BRING DOWN PRICES RISE GROW JUMP RALLY FALL DECLINE PLUMMET SLUMP INCREASE DECREASE Unemployment figures fell. Time to lower the prices.

DRAW THESE SENTENCES USING ARROWS. The American economy picked up in the first quarter. The price of oil topped out for the year. Gold prices plummet in South Africa. Pharmaxis shares plunge 52 per cent. India’s GDP bottomed out. Shares rally on Spanish auction. Bay Area home prices soar in buyer bidding wars. Pick up = to improve in condition or activity Rally = a sudden rise in stock prices Plummet = to fall or drop straight down at high speed. Soar = to increase to a high level in a very short time Plunge = to fall a long way in a short time.

PREPOSITIONS Retail sales rose _____$1m _____$2m. The index increased ____5% (from 10 to 15%) The index increased ____5% (from 2%). The company recorded a decrease _____5%. The company expects a 5% increase ____sales. Sales stood ____$1 m ____1998.

PREPOSITIONS Retail sales rose from $1m to $2m. The index increased by 5% (from 10 to 15%) The index increased to 5% (from 2%). The company recorded a decrease of 5%. The company expects a 5% increase in sales. Sales stood at $1 m in 1998.

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH. Cijene su lagano narasle. Vrijednost dionice je neznatno pala. Kamatne stope su znatno porasle. Cijene nekretnina su jako pale. Vrijednost dionice je dosegla najnižu točku. Cijena nafte se stabilizirala. Prošle godine je cijena nafte dosegla najveću vrijednost ikad.

MK P. 88 A FINANCIAL NEWS REPORT MK P. 89 VOCABULARY HANDOUT (EXERCISES)