Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) part I Marcel Fortin GIS & Map Librarian, University of Toronto January 8 th, 2007 This presentation

Objectives ► Understand the basic premises of GIS  Cartography / Map Making  Geographic Analysis ► By Learning the basics of  GIS software and databases  Different geographic datasets  Basic map creation

Agenda ► What is not and what is GIS? ► What are Geospatial Data? ► What is not GIS? ► Examples of GIS applications ► Software FYI ► Data Access FYI ► GIS Services/Education at the U of T ► Demos ► Where do Google Earth/Maps Fit in

What is not GIS?

What is not a GIS – Scanned Maps

E-maps are not a GIS

GPS IS NOT GIS

GIS not CAD

What is GIS?   A GIS is a computer application with the capacity to assemble, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced information (geospatial data)

What are Geospatial data?  Data must “fit” with other data  Geospatial data are georeferenced data (ie. they have a geographic field) postal codes postal codes Province Province City City longitude and latitude longitude and latitude lot numbers lot numbers concession numbers concession numbers census tract census tract wards wards Air photographs Air photographs Etc. Etc.

Provinces

Postal Data

Longitude / Latitude

Parcel Information

Air Photos (or other raster imagery)

Road Network File

Combination of “Layers” 1999 Orthorectified Aerial photograph overlayed with the DMTI Spatial’s Street Network file for Ontario

Vector and Raster 01 VectorRaster.mxd

Projection Issues projections.mxd

Thematic / Census Mapping census.mxd

Topographic Mapping 04.0 TopographicMapping.mxd

3D Mapping 3dmapping.mxdLINE FBS.dwg 030m11_0100_deme.dem (global mapper) 06_3DToronto1.sxd06_3DToronto2.sxd07_3DVancouver.sxd

Software FYI

Software Campus “Standard”  ESRI Site License (campus consortium) ArcGIS (desktop)ArcGIS (desktop) ArcInfoArcInfo ArcEditorArcEditor ArcView (free version now available from map library)ArcView (free version now available from map library) ArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcGIS ServerArcIMS (web) / ArcSDE (spatial data engine) / ArcGIS Server

Making Sense of “ArcWording” Functions Umbrella Flavour 3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, etc. Extensions ArcGISArcInfoArcEditorArcView ArcMap|ArcToolbox|ArcScene|ArcCatalog

Other Software Options  Commercial Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office)Microsoft MapPoint (software licensing office) OracleOracle FMEFME AutoCad MapAutoCad Map ArcGIS for Autocad (see autocad/index.html)ArcGIS for Autocad (see autocad/index.html) Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department)Mapinfo (site license via Geography Department) Global MapperGlobal Mapper  Open Source GRASS (desktop)GRASS (desktop) MapServer (web)MapServer (web) ThubanThuban QGISQGIS See for more software titlesSee for more software titleshttp://

Data FYI

Data Issues ► Data Culture (Canada vs. USA)  Feast or Famine ► Data Management ► Datasets of Interest ► Data Selection ► Data Creation

Data Culture : Feast or Famine YearDatasets Web Server / Intranet Media Gb (a few 100 files) 3 CDs Over Tb (millions of files) 1200 CDs/DVDs

Data Culture – Mixed Bag ► Federal government  Geobase.ca  NTDB DEMs now free!  Geogratis.ca  NTDB topo data and raster imagery now free! ► Provincial Governments  Ontario  OGDE via libraries or vendors  Manitoba  free from download  BC and Alberta  pay for some free download for others ► Municipal  Toronto pay  Mississauga pay  Brampton pay  Burlington free  Peterborough free  London Free

Data Selection and Accuracy

Data Starting Point

Data Creation

Data Creation – Waste Disposal Sites 08DataCreation.mxd

Future  Historical GIS 1860’s Map of Toronto with roads overlayed. Note the Lakeshore highway’s location.

Open Street Map

Examples and Demos

Common Examples of GIS

Where do Google Earth/Maps fit in? Convergence or Confusion?

Google Earth  The Good  It’s Fun  Geographic Literacy  Geographic Interest  Technology Boom  Ease of Use  Collaboration and sharing of hundreds of digitizing projects

Google Earth  The Good

Google Earth  The Bad  “Why do we still fund GIS Projects when there’s Google Earth” – Treasury Board Official at Depository Services Program Function

Google Earth  The Ugly

Google Earth  GIS Convergence  Can now convert GIS Layers to KML format even in ArcGIS  Can do your own cartography  Can do some analysis

Future  GPS / GIS Convergence 11 GPS.mxd

Map & GIS Services at U of T Libraries  1960’s Map Library in Geography Department  1970’s Moved to Robarts 1 st floor  1996 Merged and moved to 5 th floor Robarts  1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired  2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created  2002 GIS Analyst Hired  2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired (North American first)  2006 UTM GIS Technician hired  – Data & GIS Services expansion (unMAGICed?)

GIS Staff  St. George Campus GIS Team GIS & Map LibrarianGIS & Map Librarian Map CataloguerMap Cataloguer Map ProcessorMap Processor GIS AnalystGIS Analyst Graduate GIS Assistant(s)Graduate GIS Assistant(s)  UTMississauga Campus GIS and Data LibrarianGIS and Data Librarian GIS TechnicianGIS Technician

Communication & Teaching  GEODATA-l Listserv  New Datasets  Software upgrades  Workshops  RCAT Lab  One on one teaching  No Grad Courses anymore  ESRI Virtual Campus

GIS Services Facts ► 1960’s Map Library in Geography Department ► 1970’s Moved to Robarts 1 st floor ► 1996 Merged and moved to 5 th floor Robarts ► 1999 GIS & Map Librarian Hired ► 2002 Data & GIS Services Area Created ► 2002 GIS Analyst Hired ► 2003 UTM GIS Librarian hired

San Francisco data ► California.mx ► California Spatial Information Library ► San Francisco Government GIS