C H A P T E R Discrimination in the Labor Market 9

© 2003 South-Western 2 Median Earnings Ratios for Year-Round Full-Time Workers by Race and Gender, 1940–2000 Figure 9.1 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Money Income of Households, Families, and Persons, P–60, nos. 69, 80, 105, 132, 156, 174, 193, 197, and 200. And, beginning in 2000, PINC data actually corresponds to 1939.

© 2003 South-Western 3 Wage Differentials Caused by Employer Prejudice Figure 9.2

© 2003 South-Western 4 Wage Discrimination by a Monopsonist Figure 9.3

© 2003 South-Western 5 Hypothetical Frequency Distribution of Worker Productivity among Blacks and Whites Figure 9.4

© 2003 South-Western 6 Amounts of On-the-Job Training Received by Race and Gender Table 9.1 SOURCE: Based on information contained in Jonathan R. Veum, “Training among Young Adults: Who, What Kind, and For How Long?” Monthly Labor Review (August 1993): 27–32.

© 2003 South-Western 7 Distribution of Race/Gender Groups across Occupations with Varying Promotion Opportunities, 2001 Table 9.2 SOURCE: Occupation classification is made by Waddoups and Assane, “Mobility and Gender in a Segmented Labor Market: A Closer Look,” appendix; distribution of workers across occupations from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings (January 2002), Table 11.

© 2003 South-Western 8 Percentage of Executives, Managers, and Administrators Represented by Race and Gender Groups, by Industry, 2001 Table 9.3 SOURCE: Cross-tabulations from the March 2001 Current Population Survey obtained through Ferret extraction tools from the U.S. Census Bureau,.

© 2003 South-Western 9 Mean Values of Worker Characteristics and Percentage of Wage Gap Explained Table 9.4 SOURCE: Based on Garey Durden and Patricia Gaynor, “More on The Cost of Being Other Than White and Male: Measurement of Race, Ethnic, and Gender Effects on Yearly Earnings,” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 57 (January 1998), Table 1 and unpublished tables.

© 2003 South-Western 10 The Residual Approach to Measuring Wage Discrimination Figure 9.5

© 2003 South-Western 11 Dimensions of Black Economic Progress, 1960–2000 Table 9.5 SOURCES: Earnings: Bureau of the Census, Money Income of Households, Families and Persons in the United States, P-60 series,. Education: National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Digest of Educational Statistics; education statistics calculated from the 2001 March Supplement of the Current Population Survey. Occupational representation: Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, various issues. Employment/Population ratios: E. Jacobs, ed., Handbook of Labor Statistics (Lanham, Md.: Bernan Press, 1998) and Ferret extraction tool from. Householder information:. Family income statistics: Poverty: Bureau of the Census, Poverty in the U.S Current Population Reports Consumer Income Series, P-60, no. 214.

© 2003 South-Western 12 Relationship Between Monthly Salary and Job Worth Points for Men and Women, Washington State, 1974 Figure 9.6 SOURCE: Donald J. Treiman and Heidi I. Hartmann, eds., Women, Work, and Wages (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1981): 61. Used with permission.

© 2003 South-Western 13 Number of Hours Required to Receive Full-Time Wage Premium by Race and Gender Groups Table 9.6 SOURCE: Based on information contained in Susan L. Averett and Julie L. Hotchkiss, “Discrimination in the Payment of Full-Time Wage Premiums,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49 (January 1996): 287–301, Tables 3a–3d.

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