Forestry 485 Lecture 2-5: Specific Types of Adhesives.

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Presentation transcript:

Forestry 485 Lecture 2-5: Specific Types of Adhesives

Chemical Nature of Wood Adhesives Organic, Polymeric Chemicals Natural origin, e.g., blood protein, milk protein, starch (carbohydrate) Natural origin, e.g., blood protein, milk protein, starch (carbohydrate) Synthetic origin, e.g., phenol formaldehyde, isocyanate, polyvinyl acetate (“Elmer’s glue”) Synthetic origin, e.g., phenol formaldehyde, isocyanate, polyvinyl acetate (“Elmer’s glue”) Thermoplastic (soften upon heating, harden upon cooling, re-soften upon heating) Thermosetting (chemically reactive, once hardened, they do not soften upon subsequent re-heating)

Polymers from Latin Poly = Many; Meros = Units General Definition – molecules with high molecular weight composed of many smaller repeating units.

Classification by Origin Natural Carbohydrate CarbohydrateStarchCellulose Protein Protein Plant-based (e.g., soybeans) Animal-based Protein from hides, bones, sinew Protein from hides, bones, sinew Liquid (“hide” glue) Solid (“hot animal glues) Blood Blood Casein (milk) Casein (milk) Lignocellulosic Extracts Lignocellulosic ExtractsTanninsLigninSynthetic Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Elastomeric contact adhesives (e.g., styrene butadiene) Elastomeric mastic (construction adhesives) Hot melts Epoxy Urea formaldehyde Phenol formaldehyde Polymeric isocyanate Resorcinol Melamine Polyurethane Vick, Table 9-3

Classification by Use Category Structural Fully Exterior Fully Exterior Phenol formaldehyde Resorcinol formaldehyde PRF Isocyanate emulsion Melamine formaldehyde Limited Exterior Limited ExteriorMUFIsocyanateEpoxy Interior Interior Urea formaldehyde CaseinSemi-structural Cross-linked PVA PolyurethaneNonstructural PVA Animal protein (except casein) Plant protein Elastomeric construction Elastomeric contact Hot melt Starch/carbohydrate Vick, Table 9-2

Major Synthetic Resins Used in Composite Panels: Phenol formaldehyde Phenol formaldehyde Urea formaldehyde Urea formaldehyde Isocyanate Isocyanate White, 1995

Adhesive Additives Catalysts: Increase chemical reaction rate of adhesive during cure (e.g., ammonium chloride used for UF resins) Extenders: Low cost additives that enhance adhesive handling, flow, or working characteristics and provide some adhesive function (e.g., wheat flour) Fillers: Low cost additive that modify adhesive working characteristics but do not provide adhesive function (e.g., corn cob powder) Other additives may include plasticizers, tackifiers, antioxidants, formaldehyde scavengers, colorants, wetting agents, defoamers, etc.