Introduction to Radiologic Sciences and Patient Care Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  What is radiation?  Sense of danger or concern?  Is it essential to life?  What is Energy?  Capacity to operate or work  Different forms?  What is ionization radiation?  Maximize the benefit and minimize risk  Keep the benefits overwhelming the risks (IAEA)  What modality of medical imaging uses sound waves? Medical Radiation Sciences

IONIZING RADIATION  Natural  Cosmic rays: sun/stars  Terrestrial: uranium in earth  Internally deposited  Radionuclides: potassium -40  Radon: largest source ; decay or uranium  Man-Made  X-rays TWO FORMS 1.NATURAL 2.MAN-MADE

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  Imaging of the heart is done by use of?  electrocardiography  What are thermograms?  Describe nuclear medicine.  Does EM energy have many forms?  Are x-rays man made? Medical Radiation Sciences Thermogram

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  What is another name for x-rays?  Define Radiography.  Are radio waves non-ionizing? Medical Radiation Sciences

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  Medicine date back to 5000 years to Egypt and Mesopotamia.  Who is father of western Medicine?  Treatises?  Hippocratic Corpus History of Medicine

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  What were some of the beliefs of Hippocrates?  What are some current practices that were used by the Romans? History of Medicine

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  “Black Death”?  William Harvey?  What did Harvey demonstrate?  Van Leeuwenhoek?  Edward Jenner?  Louis Pasteur?  Robert Koch? History of Medicine

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  Florence Nightengale?  Who discovered penicillin?  What was the Salk vaccine?  What is poliomyelitis  What is the secret of life and who discovered it? History of Medicine

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  HGP project consisted of?  Pg 6 History of Medicine

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  Began in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen  Who is Sir William Crookes?  Wife's’ hand- What date?  What happened Dec 28, 1895?  W.C. Rontgen honored in 1901 for Nobel prize in physics.  Financial Reward? History of Radiologic Technology

INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING  W.C Rontgen died 02/10/1923. History of Radiologic Technology

Opportunities In Radiologic Technology  What is radiologic technology?  See pg 7 regarding job responsibilities  List the professions categorized under radiologic technology.  How do you become registered as a RT.

Cardiovascular- Cardiovascular interventional technology  What is involved in this discipline?  Define  Angiography-exam of blood vessels  Cardiac catherization-catheter in chamber of heart…on into 1 0f the 2 coronary art.  Heart attack-myocardial infarction. Angioplasty-treatment of atherosclerosis-stent How do you become certified as a CVIT?

Mammography  Radiologic examination of breast  Uses specialized equipment and supplies: film and screens to create high quality breast images.  ARRT certified  Post primary examination

Radiologic Assistant (RA)  Advanced level radiographer  Complete an advanced academic program  Perform- under direction of radiologist  Fluoroscopic examinations such as GI studies, myelograms, arthrograms, and central venous line placements  Evaluate images  Post primary exam and be RTR for at least 5 years

Nuclear Medicine  Radioactive materials for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in nuclear med.  Imaging organs  Liver, heart, or brain  Injection of a radioactive material intravenously, orally or inhalation  Must complete a program generally 1 year & national exam

Radiation therapy  Administers radiation therapy according to a RX from a radiation oncologist  Treat high energy radiation to treat a malignant tumor  Observe the clinical progress  Can specialize in medical dosimetrists involved in treatment planning and dose calculations  Complete an accredited program & exam

Bone densitometry  Dx osteoporosis  BMD is measured using DEXA scan of spine and hips  ARRT certified

Computed Tomography  Recording of a predetermined plane in the body using an x-ray beam  Processed and recorded by a computer  ARRT certified  Pass examination

Diagnostic Medical Sonography  Visualization of structures of the body by recording the reflections of pulses of high frequency sound  RTR is not required  Accredited program  Examination: RDMS

Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Strong magnetic field and radio waves  Sectional images of patient anatomy  Post primary certification  Donot have to be RTR  Formal education program in MRI

Additional opportunities  Education  Administration  Commercial

Health care team  Who make up this team?  Are technologist and technician used interchangeably?  Yes It shouldn't be because there is a difference in the levels of education Technologist- involved in a higher level of problem solving situations and have more extensive educational preparation

Medicine and Osteopathy  MD- 4 yrs. degree in biology or chemistry  4 yrs. of med school  DO- philosophy is manipulation of muscles and bones for healing  Both complete a residency of 3-4 yrs.  List specializations that require a 3-4 year long residency? Pg. 12

Nursing  Direct patient care  LPN or RN  Can go on to be a NP  Specialize in a specific area

Diagnostic Services  Help determine the absence or presence of disease or condition  Cardiovascular tech  Electroneurodiagnostic tech- electrical impulses of the brain  MLT Hematology Microbiology immunology Cytotechnologist-screening of cells  Radiology

Therapeutic Services  Overcome some type of physical or psychological disability  Occupational therapists  Physical and emotional  Physical therapists  Restore muscle strength and coordination through exercise  Respiratory therapists  Treat breathing difficulties

Health Information Services  Management of health information  No direct patient contact  Coding of patient conditions

The END  Please look over computer terms  Objective: To have the basics & understanding of computers/systems.  The ASRT curriculum has a section on Digital Imaging; must know basic computer terms to operate these systems.  This foundation is also used in many of the courses and helps us to know if additional reinforcement on the computer operations prior to beginning the other semesters.  The JRC requires education in information systems as well on their grid. Per Candice Lewis