The English Colonies in North America This is kind of a big deal

The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies The reason for colonial establishment varies Some for religious freedom Some for business and profit The English government supported all of these efforts. Why?

The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies The English government was competing for land in the Americas with Spain and France SPOILER- this leads to war! Also competing for wealth

The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies Mercantilism- an economic policy in which nations tried to gain wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies This policy lasted for a really long time Most of all colonies were granted independence before or shortly after WWII

The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies English colonies supplied England with raw materials for industry England would turn materials into goods and sell them back to their own colonies

English Colonies and Trade Ask students what they remember from the various colonies Why were they founded? Who founded them

The New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire Many of the first settlers sought religious freedom Economy: small farms, lumbering, trade, fishing, and ship building Students should already know from the last couple of class days Keep in mind- religious freedom meant freedom to practice their religion how they wanted. They were persecuted and wanted to be free from that. They did not want everyone to practice their faith as they wanted to. Some would get kicked out because they went against the grain of the settlements

The Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware People represented many religions and cultures Quakers founded Pennsylvania has a haven for religious freedom for all Economy- Farming (crops and livestock) Lumbering Shipbuilding

Because when you say Quaker, you think Oatmeal

The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North and South Carolina Georgia People established large farms (plantations) Grew tobacco, rice and other cash crops Plantation owners took advantage of indentured servants and slaves SPOILER- this would lead to war too!

End of 1st Class

Government in the Colonies All colonies had permission from the King of England to settle Charter- formal document that outlined the colony’s geographic boundaries and specified how it would be governed Geographic boundaries (like an ocean or 3,000 miles) forced settlers to make their own laws and keep peace and order The purpose of settlement would have a huge influence on laws and the government The King of England appointed governor who had the power to overrule local assemblies Some colonies had elected councils who represented the businessmen involved in the starting of the colony

Government in the Colonies Massachusetts- Established a theocracy- leader would rule in the name of God Colonies were, in many ways, more democratic than England If you were a land owning white male, that is Some colonies you had to belong to a specific church as well

Massachusetts Established by Anglican Puritans and Separatists Anglican Church was the official church of England The Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church by making changes in their worship practices The Separatists wanted to completely separate from the Church Were actually jailed for not attending church 1620- 102 Separatists set sail for America on the Mayflower We would come to call these Separatists Pilgrims Wanted to build a perfect society in America Puritans would follow ten years later Again, the King granted all of the charters to allow settlements of the colonies - Why would the King grant a charter to religious dissidents

Massachusetts What is the difference between the Puritans and Pilgrims? http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/massachusetts/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims

The Mayflower Compact An agreement that Pilgrims wrote and signed describing how they would govern themselves in the Americas Would be one of the major documents which influenced the founding of the nation Natives would help them survive their first winter It’s amazing what people will do for you when you don’t kill them Pilgrims would have a three day feast to celebrate their harvest

Massachusetts The Puritans were granted a charter by the King to settle They wanted to build a community governed by the Bible Wanted to set an example for the rest of the world John Winthrop- founder and governor of Massachusetts “We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” Was Winthrop correct when he proclaimed to be a city on a hill?

Rhode Island Puritans were granted freedom to practice their religion but they did not grant that freedom to others Setup a colony that required everyone to worship as they did Roger Williams- “Forced worship stinks in God’s nose” Believed that all people had the right to worship God as they chose Left his wife and children (they would join him after the winter) and went slightly south Bought land from natives Called it Providence

Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson- also forced to leave for preaching against the Puritans Joined Williams and combined colonies to form Rhode Island 1663- elected assembly to govern the colony Became one of the largest slave-trading centers in the WORLD “The sewer of New England” Coastal coves became a perfect hiding places for pirates and smugglers

Connecticut Thomas Hooker- convinced family and about 100 people to leave Massachusetts and resettle in a valley along a river Didn’t agree with laws and leadership in Massachusetts Called the settlement Hartford Joined two other settlements to form Connecticut Hooker- government should be based “on the free consent of the people.” Fundamental Orders- The first written plan for government in any of the colonies. Guaranteed voting rights to all male members of the Puritan church

New York Founded as a Dutch colony, but take over by the English in 1664 The Duke of York Owned gave large estates to rich folk Landowners would charge rent on property Created great differences between wealthy and poor Issued laws and tax rates The wealthy liked the way the colony was ran. The average Joe? Not so much The average Joe wanted to be able to elect an assembly to represent them in the government. The Duke would allow it a few years later

New York Assembly passed 15 laws One listed the rights they should have under English citizenship Right to worship as the pleased, trial by jury The Duke abolished the assembly for 6 years Jacob Leisler led a rebellion in 1689 and was granted the right to elect an assembly to pass laws and set tax rates

Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn Society of Friends- Quakers King Charles owned a debt to Penn’s father and Penn was a pain in the butt Was granted a huge tract of land Society of Friends- Quakers Treated all people equally Refused to bow to the King, fight wars, or pay taxes to the Church of England Penn’s Great Law- Promised to treat people of all faiths equally Named the capital Philadelphia- City of Brotherly Love Became the first democracy in America

Maryland Catholics were treated __________ in England because the Church of England was the _________ state church Sir George Calvert/Lord Baltimore Wanted to start a colony “Founded on religious freedom where there would not only be a good life but also a prosperous one for those bold enough to take the risk.” And he wanted to get rich(er) Died before establishing the colony King Charles I granted full control of the colony to Lord Baltimore’s son

Maryland _________ would always outnumber Catholics America’s first law to protect religious liberty: The Act Concerning Religion of _______ Only for Christians- Jews and Atheists were not included There was still tension between Catholics and Protestants for more than a century

Virginia First settlement: ______________ Descendants of first settlers became ___________ ______________ Economy based on ____________ Needed a lot of land Needed a lot of workers Started with indentured servants Worked 5-7 years and then given plot of land, seeds, tools, and freedom Both European and African At first, Africans were given the same _______and ___________ as whites

Virginia Landowners increasingly turned to slaves to solve labor _____________ According to the book: “Because of their dark skin, it was hard for them to escape and blend into the rest of the population

Virginia House of _____________- 1619 First form of representative government in America Passed law that made Africans slaves for life By 1700- more than 16,000 enslaved Africans More than ¼ of the total population

Georgia In England, if you couldn’t pay bills, you went to __________ Founders wanted to help poor people stay out of debtors’ prison Build better lives instead of going to jail Would also help keep the __________ from moving north Many who settled went for the same reasons as other colonists Suffered attacks from the Spanish Settled with strict laws regarding _________and __________

http://www.history.com/topics/thirteen-colonies/videos