Matter and Measurement Earth Science Intro Unit

What is Matter? Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up space. – Makes up most materials. – Can you think of something that is not matter? I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Length – Distance between two points. – Tools: Meter Stick Metric Ruler – Units mm or cm = small m = short distances km = large distances I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Measuring Length I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Mass – Describes the amount of matter in an object. – Unit - small - grams (g) Large – kilograms (kg) – Tool – Balance – Triple Beam Balance – Electronic Balance I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? How to Measure Mass 1. Make sure the balance is zeroed. 2. Place the object on the pan. 3. Move the riders (windows) one notch at a time away from the pan. Begin with the largest. Change the positions of the riders until the pointer is at 0. Add all beams to determine the mass. I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? How to Measure Mass I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Mass I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Weight – A measure of the gravitational force on an object. – Can vary depending on gravity. – Tool: Scale – Measured in units of force Unit – Newton (N) I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured. Spring scale Scale

How Can Matter be Measured? Volume – the amount of space an object takes up – tools: Ruler Graduated Cylinder – Units: cm 3 mL L I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Volume of a Solid – Measured in units of length (cm) – Formula for a rectangle V = L x W x H Units = cm 3 Calculate the Volume of the Box. – Each side is 1 cm. V = ___________ I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Volume of a liquid – Measured with a graduated cylinder. – Meniscus The curve of a liquid – Find the volume by reading at the bottom of the meniscus. – Units mL L I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Calculate the Volume of the liquids. I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.

How Can Matter be Measured? Calculate the Volume of the liquids. I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.

How Can Matter be Measured? Volume of Irregular Solids – Water Displacement 1.Put water in grad. cylinder 2.Read / record the starting volume 3.Gently slide object in the cylinder. – Don’t splash 4.Record the final volume of the water and the object. 5.Subtract the starting volume from the final volume. 6.The difference = volume of the object. I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.

How Can Matter be Measured? Calculate the Volume of the Rock – Starting Volume (cylinder A) – Final Volume (cylinder b) – Volume = Final Volume – Starting Volume I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured. A B

Density Demo 1 I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Problems: –What will happen when the small steel ball is placed in the water? –What will happen when the large steel ball is placed in the water? Hypotheses: –If the small steel ball is placed in the water, then the small steel ball will _________. –If the large steel ball is placed in the water, then the large steel ball will _________. I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

Density Demo 2 Problems: – What will happen when an egg is placed in beaker 1? – What will happen when an egg is placed in beaker 2? Hypotheses: I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Density – A measure of the amount of mass in a given volume Units – g/mL = g/cm 3 I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Density Example – Think about the number of students in this room. If you had 38 students (represent molecules) in the room, how would that compare to having 76 students (molecules) in the room – Which situation would be denser? I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Calculating Density Formula is D = Mass Volume – Directions: 1. Write the equation 2. Plug in the numbers with units. 3. Write your answer as D = _________ (Don’t forget units) I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Calculating Density 1. Mass = 150g Volume = 50cm 3 Density = ? 2. Volume = 5 cm 3 Mass = 30g Density = ? I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

What is the density of water? Density of Water – Density of Water = 1g/mL or 1g/cm 3 – If an object is less dense than water it will float – If an object is more dense than water it will sink I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Math Problems – A student determines the mass of a metal paperclip to be 1.42g (grams). The student also determines the volume and finds that it has a volume of 2mL. Determine the density of the paperclip. I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Math Problems – Pumice is an igneous rock, formed by rapidly cooling lava. What is the density of a 49.8g piece of pumice that has a volume of 83 cm3? Will the pumice sink or float? I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured? Tricky Math Problems (Try it ) – Obsidian is another type of igneous rock. What is the mass of the rock if the D= 2.6g/cm3 and the volume is 92 ml? Will Obsidian sink or float? I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.