AEROSOLS: types Dust Smoke Fly ash pollen Cloud Mist Fog smog SOLID LIQUIID

Mount manitoba, June 1991

Asian brown cloud over China

AEROSOLS: sources Dust Smoke Fly ash pollen plant fragments cement brake lining tires soil chemical concentration factor (surface effects) CCF = [aerosol]/[sea] DUSTSEA

AEROSOLS: sizes > 400 nmscatter light < 0.01 microncoagulate > 10 micronsettle out Typical size: micron

AEROSOLS: how to measure them Alphabet soup: COH TSP IP TDF PM10 light scattering collecting on filters

AEROSOLS: how to measure them Alphabet soup: COH TSP IP TDF PM10 Coefficient of Haze Draw 300 meters through a filter measure absorbance x 100 >6 bad for asthma typical samples 5-10 micron

AEROSOLS: how to measure them Alphabet soup: COH TSP IP TDF PM10 Total Suspended Particulate Weighing after filtering Units: μg/m 3 “normal” ~ 10 μg/m 3 sometimes 500 μg/m 3 in cities

AEROSOLS: how to measure them Alphabet soup: COH TSP IP TDF PM10 Inhalable Particulates Generally IP ~ 0.45 TSP

AEROSOLS: how to measure them Alphabet soup: COH TSP IP TDF PM10 Total Dust Fall units: g m -2 month -1 should be < 7 g m -2 month -1 often exceeded in industrial areas

AEROSOLS: how to measure them Alphabet soup: COH TSP IP TDF PM10 Particulate matter < 10 micron PM10 = TSP < 10 μ

50% (by mass) of a set of particles are less then 10 micron and 50% are between 10 and 20 micron. PM10 is what percentage of PM20? [A]0.1 % [B] 10 % [C]16 % [D]50 % [E]95 %

50% (by mass) of a set of particles are 10 micron and 50% are 20 micron. All particles larger than 10 micron are filtered out. How much does the total number of particles go down? [A]by 50% [B] by less than 50% [C]by more than 50% [D]It depends on the type of particle

10% (by mass) of a set of particles are 10 micron and 50% are 20 micron. All particles larger than 10 micron are filtered out. How much does the total surface area go down? [A]by 50% [B] by less than 50% [C]by more than 50% [D]It depends on the type of particle

coagulation Wet depositiondry deposition

150 PAHs With 2 – 7 rings Combustion Products. Fly-ash vs. bottom-ash

Particulate air quality in major world cities. Values are annual PM 10 means. Horizontal line is WHO air quality guideline

NASA satelite image og Nox from ships