Industrial Revolution in the United States Ch 7 Section 1 Page 212

Changes in Industry Eli Whitney demonstrated the first musket made of interchangeable parts and invented the cotton gin. Interchangeable Parts – parts that are exactly alike. Allowed for more parts to be made quicker. Better tools sped up manufacture of goods & improved reliability.

Changes in Industry Factories became the new centers of industry. Mass Production – the production of goods in large quantities was made possible by factories. Bringing about the Industrial Revolution - social & economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools & large scale factory production developed.

Great Britain Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Began to generate power using swift streams and coal. Inventors then developed power-driven machines. Developed ways to use machinery to mass produce goods like textiles. British were first to build factories.

United States Primary source of income after Revolution was international trade. Jefferson’s Embargo Act & War of 1812 turned America towards domestic industries.

New England The push to industrialize was biggest in Northeast b/c –Depended on foreign trade –Agriculture was not profitable 1793 British immigrant Samuel Slater built the first factory in Rhode Island. Slater’s Mill Only produced thread

New England 1813 Francis Lowell, Nathan Appleton, & Patrick Jackson built a weaving factory in Massachusetts. Became a thriving manufacture center. Thousands immigrated here especially women.

Two Economic Systems North –Industry –Agriculture Raise 1 or 2 crops and sold them in cities. Little demand for slavery By 1804 almost all Northern states abolished slavery South –“King Cotton –Solely agricultural

Slavery By 1820s the demand for slaves had greatly increased. Increases in cotton production and increases in slave demand were parallel

American System 3 major points –Develop transportation & internal improvements –Establish a protective tariff –Resurrect the national bank American System would unite the nation’s economic interests. North would produce manufactured goods while the South & West would produce raw materials needed in North. Become economically independent of Britain.

Internal Improvements Railroads offered numerous advantages. National Road connected Maryland and Illinois. Erie Canal connected the Atlantic ocean to the Great Lakes. New York City became the dominate port.

Tariffs & National Bank British goods were sold below American cost. Tariffs would help pay for internal improvements. Northerners supported Tariff of 1816 but southerners did not. Most people supported the National Bank. –Made a common currency guaranteed to be accepted anywhere in the nation.