Perils and Promises of the New Republic,

New and Old Problems I. Social Dynamics II. Bill of Rights III. Economic Policy IV. Indian Nations V. Domestic Tension VI. International Conflicts

Regions and Social Dynamics I. New England A. Puritanism B. Abolitionism C. Women 1. Judith Sergeant Murray a. Writer, equality, independence II. Middle Atlantic

Slavery in the South 40% of all Southerners were slaves General poverty and underdevelopment Cash crops and economic dependence Increasing free black population Pre-cotton gin era reflected possibility that slavery would decline

Unifying a Country? Regionalism Economic differences States’ Rights Class, Gender, Slavery Political Parties? Individual Rights?

Bill of Rights (1 st 10 Amendments) 1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition 2. “Well Regulated Militia,” bear arms vs. gov’t 3. No quartering of soldiers in private residences 4. No Unreasonable searches/seizures 5. No Self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process, compensation for property 6. Quick & fair trial, right to counsel for defense 7. Trial by jury (of peers) 8. No Cruel & unusual punishment 9. Power retained by people 10. Power retained by states

Supreme Court Judiciary Act 1789 Supreme Court Circuit Courts Federal District Courts (state level) Constitutional issues Federal issues

Hamilton and the Economy I. Permanent debt A. Absorb states’ debt B. Wealthy tied to govt II. Industrialize U.S. III. Taxation IV. National Currency

Economic Compromise? --Half of Congress were creditors to the gov’t! --Many Southern states paid off debt --National bank unconstitutional? --Threats of secession V. Compromise A. National Bank B. Capital in South

National Political Parties Parties as factions Vote-getting machines Federalists: Pro-Hamilton, strong gov, creditors, merchants, New England, urban (Jeffersonian) Republicans: Jefferson & Madison, southerners, rural, decentralized, farmers, debtors

Indian Nations I. Northwest Territory & Ohio A. Miami Indians 1. Little Turtle  2. Battle of Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Ft. Greenville, 1795 B. Use of American Military C. Ended resistance in Ohio

Treaty of Ft. Greenville, 1795

Conflict on the Frontiers Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River Massive growth in white population Mainly poor, white, recent immigrants Kentucky: violence and conflict West Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi had growth in slavery

“Whiskey Rebellion, 1794” West Pennsylvania Resisted Hamilton’s Whiskey Tax Washington sent 13,000 troops Did not find rebels

Whiskey Rebellion I. Significance? A. Citizens right to refuse unfair laws B. Taxation unfairly hurt farmers C. Class differences evident D. Government was willing to use force to stop domestic protest E. Conflicts between local autonomy and federal power and consolidation

Political Parties Griswald v. Lyon, 1798

Political Parties & Democracy Rise of political parties & impact on democracy Why did they develop? Reflect views of the people or help politicians? Think about the following issues: 1. French Revolution, Jay’s Treaty, Quasi-War 2. International Relations, war, neutrality 3. Alien and Sedition Acts, Alien Enemies Act and the first amendment 4. The Election of 1800 and role of political parties

International Relations I. Europe A. French Revolution B. Jay Treaty, 1794 II. XYZ Affair A. John Adams B. Quasi-War

Alien and Sedition Acts -International conflicts between U.S., Br., Fr. -Federalists used anti-French feelings to stop domestic political debate -Four Laws, Anti-French, Irish, Republican -Alien Enemies Act -Alien Friends Act -Naturalization Act -Sedition Act

Significance? Political partisanship Anti-French feelings Anti-immigrant fears Lack of democracy Abuse of government power Could deport people due to political beliefs Censorship Anti-Free Speech

Republican reaction to Federalist attack on rights

A new attack, or is it?

Continued….

Conclusions by 1800 I. Control of lands to Appalachians II. Parties: Federalists & Democratic- Republicans III. Growing respect from Europe IV. Economic Stability V. Federal power v. States Rights VI. Slavery deepening VII. Indian Nations