  Adjectives belong to one of two groups.  1 st -2 nd declension adjectives  3 rd declension adjectives Adjectives

 Here are some adjectives from your new vocabulary list  malus, mal a, malum  amicus, amic a, amicum  sacer, sacr a, sacrum Notice that all these words have an a at the end of the 2 nd word. This makes them 1 st -2 nd declension adjectives. How to determine the declension of an adjective

 Here are some other adjectives you have NOT been given yet  celer, celer is, celere  brev is, breve  audax, audac is Notice that these words have an –is in one of the forms. This makes them 3 rd declension adjectives How to determine the declension of an adjective

  To determine the base of an adjective find either the word ending in a or is and drop off the a or the is  sacer, sacra, sacrum = sacr---  audax, audacis = audac--- How to get the base of an adjective

  All the adjectives in your list are 1 st -2 nd declension.  The endings for the adjectives are exactly like the noun endings we have learned so far Feminine Masculine Neuter aaeus, eriuma aearumiorumiorum aeisoisois amasumosuma aisoisois 1 st -2 nd declension Adjectives

 Notice the forms are the same as the ones you already have learned a ae am a ae arum is as is

 Notice the forms are the same as the ones you already have learned us, er i o um o i orum is os is

 Notice the forms are still the same as the ones you have already learned um i o o a orum is a

  Notice that the heading for the endings has changed  The endings that match 1 st declension are called FEMININE  The endings that match 2 nd declension Masculine are called MASCULINE  The endings that match 2 nd declension Neuter are called NEUTER So What’s Different?

 FEMININE a ae am a ae arum is as is

 MASCULINE us, er i o um o i orum is os is

 NEUTER um i o o a orum is a

 A few other terms and grammar points you must know  Adjectives modify nouns  Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in  Gender  Number  Case  These are called the attributes of the adjective

  Since nouns and adjectives use endings that are the same, for now MOST nouns and adjectives will have the same ending.  BE CAREFUL. There are exceptions to this which we will practice soon.  When we learn 3 rd declension NOUNS they will NOT have the same endings, so don’t fall into a false sense of security.  For now MOST endings will look the SAME

  Cornelia est laeta  Flavia est laeta  Sextus est laetus  Marcus est laetus  Bellum est longum EXAMPLES

  Per magnam silvam ambulatis  Miseris servis auxilium portamus  Multos pueros in oppido vidimus You can use any case.

  Masculine does not have to mean words like boy, king, brother. For example, the word ludus is masculine and it means school or game  Feminine does not have to mean words like girl, queen, sister. For example the word amicitia is feminine and it means friendship NOTA BENE

 Suppose we want to say happy girls in the accusative pl. 1. Start with the noun – puella 2. Determine the declension and get the base puell (1 st decl) 3. Put the correct ending on puellas 4. Get the base for laetus, laeta, laetum laet Find the feminine plural accusative ending and add it laetas Puellas laetas - happy girls So let’s see it done

  Most nouns of the 1 st declension are feminine  These are the exceptions  agricola  nauta  poeta  All the nouns we will work with in the 2 nd declension masculine are masculine  All the nouns of the 2 nd declension neuter are neuter A note about gender

 More practice Your horses accusative pl. equ tu equos tuos os

 Another one long message ablative sing. nunti long nuntio longo o o

 Try these new house nom. sing. miserable slaves abl. pl. unfriendly boy gen. sing. villa nova servis miseris pueri inimici