Reptile & Bird Jeopardy General Reptilia & Dinosaurs Testudines & Sphenodontia SquamataCrocodiliaGeneral Aves Final Jeopardy

What two adaptations allowed reptiles to completely free themselves from living in water during certain stages of their lifecycles? 2

Scales and the amniotic egg 3

4 Why are reptiles exothermic while birds are able to achieve endothermy?

5 Reptiles only have 3 chambers in their hearts while birds have 4

6 What are the two main groups of dinosaurs and what is the basis for the distinction between the two groups?

7 Saurischians & Ornithischians Based on the orientation of the hips

8 Compare & contrast sauropods vs. theropods on the basis of body shape, diet, and their relationship to birds

9 Sauropods – giant quadrapedal herbivores with long necks and small heads Theropods – large bipedal carnivores with relatively large heads. A small branch of theropods evolved into the birds (Archaeopteryx)

10 What killed the dinosaurs, how long ago did it occur, where did it occur, what is the name of the extinction event, and what evidence of this event exists today?

11 What – An asteroid When – 65 mya Where – Yucatan Peninsula Name – K-T Extinction Event Evidence – Crater can be seen by satellite and rare asteroid element can be found around the world in 65 my old rock

12 What is the name of the top and bottom pieces of a turtle shell?

13 Top – Carapace Bottom - Plastron

14 What is the common name of the only member of Order Sphenodontia and what are three characteristics of the animal that lead one to conclude that it is not a lizard?

15 The tuatara Two rows of upper teeth No external ear openings A parietal third eye that senses heat

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17 Ichthyosaur Pterosaur Cottonmouth Gavial

Distinguish between the four types of turtles: Turtles/Sliders Terrapins Sea Turtles Tortoises 18

19 Turtles/Sliders – amphibious freshwater turtles Terrapins – brackish water turtles Sea Turtles – marine turtles Tortoises – land turtles

What three types of skulls are found in land vertebrates and what groups of animals possess each type of skull? 20

21 Anapsids – Turtles Synapsids – Mammals Diapsids – Birds, Dinos, & Modern Reptiles

22 The Order Squamata is broken down into three suborders: Lacertilia, Serpentes, & Amphisbaena What type of organisms are in each suborder?

23 Lacertilia - Lizards Serpentes - Snakes Amphisbaena - Worm Lizards

24 By what rhyme can one tell the difference between the beneficial king snake and the harmful coral snake?

25 Red on black is good for Jack Red on yellow will kill a fellow

26 Name the type of lizards that reside in each of the following Infraorders: Platynota Diploglossa Scincomorpha Iguania Gekkota

27 Platynota – komodo dragons & Gila monsters Diploglossa – Glass lizards Scincomorpha – Skinks & wall lizards Iguania – Iguanas, chameleons, & anoles Gekkota – Geckos

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29 kidneys

30 Name the four types of snakes, describe how each type is different, and provide an example of a snake in each group

31 Constrictors – No fangs (pythons) Colubrids – Rear-fanged with weak venom (boomslangs) Elapids – Short, non-hinged fangs with neurotoxic venom (cobras) Vipers – Long, hinged fangs with hemotoxic venom (rattlesnakes)

32 What is temperature- dependent sex determination?

33 The temperature of the eggs will determine the sex of the resulting baby

34 Where are the only two places in the world where one can find alligators?

35 Southeastern US and the Yangtze River in China

36 What is the nictitating membrane and the tapetum lucidum?

37Nictitating membrane – A protective cover over the eye that allows the animal to see underwater Tapetum lucidum – A reflective layer beneath the eye that enhances night vision and also causes the eyes to glow in the dark

38 Why do crocodiles have a wider distribution than alligators, gavials, or caimans?

39 Crocodiles can tolerate higher amounts of salt in their water and were thus able to transverse large areas of the ocean to get to many places around the world.

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41 Crocodile Plesiosaur Mosasaur Elapid

42 What is the difference between Altricial and Precocial chicks?

37 Altricial – Born featherless & blind. Develop into smarter birds like the carnivores and passerines Precocial – Born with feathers & sight. Common in herbivorous, non-passerine birds

44 Sexual selection and natural selection are often at odds with each other. What does this statement mean?

45 Sexual selection may cause an animal to develop features or attributes that only enhance its attractiveness to the opposite sex. However these features may cause the organism to be less able to find food or avoid predation.

46 Describe the purpose of the following 5 types of feathers: Tail/flight Semiplume Filoplume Bristle Downy

47 Tail/flight – flying & soaring Semiplume – provides shape and color Filoplume – connected to nerve endings Bristle – borders the eyes & beak Downy – provides insulation

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50 How does the airfoil design of a wing allow it to achieve aerodynamic lift?

51 The air molecules have to travel a greater distance above the wing than below & thus travel faster. This causes the molecules to spread out leaving a low pressure zone above the wing. The relative high pressure below the wing then pushes upwards creating lift

52 Label a complete amniotic egg. Define the function of each part as well.

53 Amnion – protective sac around embryo Chorion – Allows O2 to absorb into embryo Allantois – Stores waste Yolk – Food source for developing embryo Albumen – Water source