Anticipation, Aesthetics, and Innovation. Loom, Kinetoscope, Piano ATEC Xiaowen Wang

The Loom: Early Stages One of the earliest loom is the peg loom, or also known as ground loom. Used around 5,000 B.C. It consists of two pegs driven into the ground, between them is a bar that holds up the threads creating the warp. Warp is the vertical threads. (Now horizontal on modern loom.)‏ Weft is the thread that goes either over or under the warp.

The Loom : Development 1606 – Claud Dangon warping frame loom. 1700s (early) – Devices added to lift individual warp threads, allowing complex pattern and textures – Frenchman Falcon suggests using perforated cards to store cloth pattern – Edmund Cartwright constructs the first mechanical loom – French inventor Joseph Marie Jaquard completes his pattern loom – Richard Robert designs a complete automatic loom American Bigelow and Northrop develops the power loom for carpet weaving.

Kinetoscope: The Beginning Human brain perceives motion when pictures in rapid sequence are flashed at 15 or more frames per second. 1860, sequential photographs were produced 1877, Eadweard Muybridge attempted to prove that all four of horses hoof leaves the ground when it gallops 24 cameras took sequential photos of the horse and proved his theory.

Kinetoscope: Development George Eastman dvelops stripes of flexible celluloid camera film with high exposure rate. Thomas Edison and collaborators combined everything together to produce a Kinetoscope. Kinetoscope is a device that advances a strip of film, frame by frame in rapid succession to produce the illusion of fluid motion.

The Piano: Early Stages Pianos originates from the zither, an instrument from the Bronze Age. Strings are stretched between two sticks and played by plucking. The zither develops with a resonating chamber by the Greeks. The first zither arrives in Europe around 11 th century. From the zithers, dulcimers are developed, with the concept of strings struck by hammers. Clavichord then follows in The virginal around the 1600s, expanding the octaves. Followed by spinet and the harpsichord.

Piano: Development Due to lack of dynamic control of individual notes, the piano is born. Constructed by Cristofori, the keeper of instruments at the Florentine court in 18 th century. The new instrument is described as a harpsichord with soft and loud.

Loom: Aesthetic expressions Rugs with complex design Fabric with rich textile

Loom: Aesthetic expressions Color and pattern expressed in fashion design Interior design to suit personal aesthetic taste

Kinetoscope: Aesthetic expressions  Muybridge Film – The HorseThe Horse  Edison's first Film - Sneezes Sneezes  Modern cinema – Television series, Featured films, and Documentary films. v

Piano: Aesthetic expressions Works of Scarlatti with new instruments. Hapsichord - Scarlatti's piece on harpsichordScarlatti's piece on harpsichord Piano - Scarlatti's piece on pianoScarlatti's piece on piano After the piano comes the romantic era- Chopin piano concerto No.2Chopin piano concerto No.2

References Humphries, Carl, “The Piano Handbook”, Outline Press Ltd, 2002, London, England. Travers, Bridget. Muhr, Jeffrey, World of Invention,1994, Gale Research Inc. Detroit MI, pages 387 – 388, Eco, Umberto, Zorzoli, G.B., The Picture History of Inventions, Casa editrice Valentino Bompiani & C. Milano, Printed in Italy. Images from various googled source. Music/videos from Youtube.com