FIRST AID First Aid – the immediate, temporary care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured.

EMERGENCY FIRST AID íIf you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 911. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery. íThe following slides will provide specific information from The American Safety & Health Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.

CHECK THE SCENE AND THE VICTIM zAssess the situation and the immediate environment for possible danger to you and the victim zTap victim on shoulder to see if conscious zIf unconscious-have someone call 911 zIf by yourself position person on his/her side and make the call yourself zCheck for breathing and pulse; if no signs of breathing/pulse care for these conditions

GIVE CARE zMonitor the person’s condition – watch for changes in breathing and consciousness zDo NOT move the person unless there are nearby dangers, such as fire, poisonous gases, or downed power lines zHelp the person rest comfortably zKeep the person from getting overheated or chilled

BLEEDING ÜApply direct pressure to the wound (at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used) ÜElevate (do not further harm) ÜPressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.

CARE FOR SHOCK  Keep the victim laying down (if possible).  Elevate legs inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones.  Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.  Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.  If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side.  Call 911.

BONES, JOINTS AND MUSCLE INJURIES z Usually not life-threatening z Fractures – a break or crack in a bone z Closed fracture – bone doesn’t push through skin z Open fracture – bone pierces the skin

CARE FOR FRACTURE z Fracture open – stop the bleeding. Using a dressing, apply pressure around the bone end that is piercing the skin. z DO NOT put pressure directly on the bone z DO NOT attempt to push the bone back through the skin z Immobilize the injured area z Do not move the person unless it is essential

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS I-C-E  I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin.  C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight.  E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES I-A-C-T  I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area.  A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), call 911.  C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide.  T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

WOUNDS zFour steps in apply first aid to wounds 1.Stop bleeding 2.Protect wound from infection 3.Treat victim for shock 4.Seek medical care

WOUND TYPES zFive different types of wounds 1.Abrasion – damage outer layers of skin 2.Incision – may result in heavy bleeding caused by knife or broken glass; can damage muscular and nerve tissue 3.Laceration – jagged, irregular tearing of skin; may have heavy bleeding; risk of infection and inner tissue damage

WOUND TYPES 4. Puncture – pin, splinter, or other pointed object pierces skin; external bleeding may be minimal; internal bleeding occurs 5. Avulsion – when tissue is separated form victim’s body

POISONING  Assess the scene for clues and safety.  Poisons can be swallowed, inhaled, injected or absorbed through the skin.  Get victim away from poison if necessary.  Provide care for any life threatening conditions.

POISONING  Oral poisoning – Call a poison control center or 911  Inhalation poisoning –  Protect your safety first  Remove the victim from the area  Victim is unconscious, tilt the head back and check for breathing and pulse – give CPR  Victim is conscious, loosen clothing around neck and waist-watch victims breathing

POISONING  Contact poisoning  Remove contaminated clothing  Flush the affected area with large amounts of water  If rash develops apply calamine lotion  Contact doctor in cases of severe irritation, inflammation and pain

BURNS z Classified according to the degree of damage zFirst degree are surface burns –outer layer of skin is reddened and painful zSecond degree extend through the outer layer of the skin, causing blisters and reddening zThird degree damages all the layers of the skin and the tissues underneath

BURN CARE zThree steps of Burn Care z Stop the burning z Cool the burn z Cover the burn to prevent infection

RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES zUse CPR--for breathing failure, heart attacks and strokes [next slides] zChoking – if person can speak or cough, encourage them to keep coughing. zIf person cannot cough or speak then perform the Heimlich maneuver zHeimlich maneuver is a technique that uses abdominal thrusts to dislodge the object blocking the person airway

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR ABC’s  A IRWAY - Open the airway with the tilt- chin method.  B reath - give two breaths.  C heck circulation.  If there is no pulse or breathing…..(next slide)

CPR Continued :… Perform chest compressions.  15 compressions and two breaths. :Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&15 :Call 911.

RESCUE BREATHING ä1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per minute. äCompressions : ventilations = 15:2

REMEMBER!!! UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:  The routine use of appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated.  Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any infections.

THE END Division of Youth Corrections Office of Quality Assurance