Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes Addendum 11A: Postdiscrimination Gradients Addendum 11B: Place Learning Versus Response Learning
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
The Three-Term Contingency In presence of S1, R1 may produce C1 In presence of S2, R2 may produce C2 S = Stimulus R = Response C= Consequence When R1 in presence of S1 differs from R2 in presence of S2, we say that the individual discriminates S1 from S2
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Basics to Applications From Pigeons and Key Pecks to Signal Detection and Breast Self-Examination
Signal-detection contingencies: Possible responses to the presence or the absence of a signal. “Was there a signal?” Signal in ContextContext Only “Yes”Hit (True Positive) False Alarm (False Positive) “No”Miss (False Negative) Correct Rejection (True Negative)
Basics to Applications From Pigeons and Key Pecks to Signal Detection and Breast Self-Examination Three points made by the BSE example: –The research was done by a behavior analyst trained in basic work with pigeons –Discrimination learning is active: It is not about the stimuli but about discriminative responding –We have to be taught even such basic discriminations as those involving our own bodies
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
We cannot appeal to physics to define stimulus classes What makes something red is not based on physical properties such as wavelength A variety of sensory interactions may lead us to say something is red even if it includes no light from the red part of the spectrum (as in stage lighting)
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Attending to stimuli
Establishing a discrimination
Attending to stimuli Establishing a discrimination Abolishing a discrimination
Attending to stimuli Establishing a discrimination Abolishing a discrimination Reversing a discrimination
Attending to stimuli Establishing a discrimination Abolishing a discrimination Reversing a discrimination Creating a conditional discrimination
How is attention relevant to these research data?
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Differential Reinforcement (Procedure) Concentration of Effects of Reinforcement (Outcome) Spread of Effects of Reinforcement (Outcome) Differential Reinforcement by Approximations (Procedure) Class With Respect to Response Properties DifferentiationInductionShapingOperant With Respect to Stimulus Properties DiscriminationGeneralizationFading Discriminated Operant (Concept) The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes
Discriminated Operants: Stimulus Control Discrimination in the Vernacular The Nature of Discriminated Operants Signal Detection: Breast Self-Examination Attending to Properties of Stimuli Generalization Gradients Inhibitory Gradients Feature-Positive Discriminations Fading: Stimulus Control by Successive Approximations The Vocabulary of Differential Reinforcement Natural Concepts and Probabilistic Stimulus Classes