Made by Bogomaz N, Inozemtzev D. and Alexeeva A. ЛБ , КОБ

Aspects of past time Past simple Past progressive Past perfect Past perfect progressive

Verbs Regular and irregular Spelling of endings –ed

Forming of the past simple AffirmationNegationQuestion Regular Subject + V ed loved. I loved. Subject + didn’t* + V 1 I didn’t love. I didn’t feel. Did + subject + V 1 Did you love? Did you feel? Irregular Subject + V 2 I felt. * didn’t = did not

Using of the past simple For actions which happened at a definite or stated time in the past. e.g. They graduated four years ago. actions which happened repeatedly in the past but don’t happen any more. e.g. He often played football with his dad when he was five. actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past. e.g. He left the hotel, took a taxi and drove to the station. talking about people who are no longer alive. e.g. Princess Diana visited a lot of schools.

To talk about past habits or things that do not happen any more. Peter used to eat a lot of sweets. past simple used toWe can use the past simple instead of used to with no difference in meaning. She used to live in the countryside. = She lived in the countryside.

Forming of the past progressive AffirmationNegationQuestion I, he, she, it Subject + was + V ing was studying. I was studying. Subject + wasn’t* + V ing I wasn’t studying. Was + subject + V ing Was he studying? We, you, they Subject + were + V ing We were studying. Subject + weren’t* + V ing We weren’t studying. Were + subject + V ing Were we studying? * wasn’t = was not * weren’t = were not

Using of the past progressive For actions which were in progress at a stated time in the past. e.g. Yesterday afternoon they were washing the dog. past actions which were in progress, when another action interrupted it. e.g. He was reading a newspaper when his wife came. two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past. e.g. The people were watching while the cowboy was riding the bull. giving the background information in a story. e.g.The sun was shining and the birds were singing.

Forming of the past perfect AffirmationNegationQuestion Regular Subject +had + V ed had finished. I had finished. Subject + hadn’t* + V ed I hadn’t finished. Had + subject + V ed Had you finished? Irregular Subject + had + V 2 I had left. Subject + hadn’t* + V 2 I hadn’t left. Had + subject + V 2 Had you left? * hadn’t = had not

Using of the past perfect For an action which happened in the past before another action. e.g.They had done their homework before they went out to play. an action which happened before a stated time in the past. e.g. She had watered all the flowers by five o’clock in the afternoon. the past equivalent of the present perfect. e.g. Jill wasn’t at home. She had gone out. Jill isn’t at home. She has gone out.

Forming of the past perfect progressive AffirmationNegationQuestion Subject + had been + V ing had been studying. I had been studying. Subject + hadn’t* been + V ing I hadn’t been studying. Had + subject + been + V ing Had you been studying? * hadn’t = had not

Using of the past perfect progressive For putting emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past. e.g. He had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it came. showing the result of an action which happened in the past for some time was evident in the past. e.g. She was tired. She had been working hard all day.

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Resource Jenny Dooley, Virginia Evans. Grammarway2 (with answers)//Express Publishing