Module Three Session 1 Religions of Yunnan Nationalities

What is Religion Religion is a set of beliefs and patterned behaviors concerned with supernatural beings and forces. (Gary Ferraro) Religion is a set of beliefs and patterned behaviors concerned with supernatural beings and forces. (Gary Ferraro)

Function of Religion Social function: Social function: 1. social control 1. social control 2. conflict resolution 2. conflict resolution 3. intensifying group solidarity 3. intensifying group solidarity Psychological function Psychological function  1. a cognitive function, whereby religion provides an intellectual framework for explaining the unknown parts of the world  2. emotional function, whereby religion helps to reduce anxiety by prescribing some straightforward ways of coping with stress.

Lead-in Questions Here are some pictures, look and think! Do you recognize these places? Do you recognize these places? What religion does each of the site represent? What religion does each of the site represent?

Major Beliefs of Yunnan Nationalities Buddhism Buddhism Daoism Daoism Catholicism Catholicism Islam Islam Primitive beliefs Primitive beliefs

Basic facts of Buddhism in Yunnan

Buddhism  Sects and denominations in Yunnan 四大部派 1. Southern Buddhism （南传佛教） 1. Southern Buddhism （南传佛教） 2. the Acaryan Buddhism ( 阿吒力密教） /Tantrism 2. the Acaryan Buddhism ( 阿吒力密教） /Tantrism 3. Han Buddhism （汉传佛教） 3. Han Buddhism （汉传佛教） 4. Tibetan Buddhism （藏传佛教） 4. Tibetan Buddhism （藏传佛教）

Southern Buddhism It is found in no other place in China except in Yunnan. It is found in no other place in China except in Yunnan. Introduced into Xichuangbanna area in about 13-14th century from the neighboring Introduced into Xichuangbanna area in about 13-14th century from the neighboring countries such as Tailand ， Myanmar ， etc 。 countries such as Tailand ， Myanmar ， etc 。 Followers are mainly ： Dai ， Bulang ， Achang ， De‘ang Nationalities Followers are mainly ： Dai ， Bulang ， Achang ， De‘ang Nationalities

The Acaryan Buddhism ( 阿吒力密 教） Introduced into Dali area of Yunnan from India in about 7th century Introduced into Dali area of Yunnan from India in about 7th century Integrated with the local primitive religion and forming a feature of witchcraft ， and localized. Integrated with the local primitive religion and forming a feature of witchcraft ， and localized. Followers are mainly: YI, Bai and Han. Followers are mainly: YI, Bai and Han.

Han Buddhism 汉传佛教 Introduced into Dali (Erhai Lake) area from Sichuan and Guizhou in Nanzhao Kingdom period ( ). Introduced into Dali (Erhai Lake) area from Sichuan and Guizhou in Nanzhao Kingdom period ( ). Followers are mainly: Han, Bai, Yi, and Naxi Followers are mainly: Han, Bai, Yi, and Naxi Integrated with traditional Chinese culture, it formed many sects such as Tiantai, Huayan, Zan etc. Integrated with traditional Chinese culture, it formed many sects such as Tiantai, Huayan, Zan etc.

Tibetan Buddhism 藏传佛教 Introduced to places neighboring Tibet from Tibetan in about 11 th century Introduced to places neighboring Tibet from Tibetan in about 11 th century Integrated with local ethnic primitive beliefs forming 4 major sects: Nyingma (red),Kagyu (the white),Sakya (the striped ), Gelu Sect (the yellow) Integrated with local ethnic primitive beliefs forming 4 major sects: Nyingma (red),Kagyu (the white),Sakya (the striped ), Gelu Sect (the yellow) followers: Tibetan and Naxi nationalities and Mosuo and Pumi ethnic groups followers: Tibetan and Naxi nationalities and Mosuo and Pumi ethnic groups A religion with Yunnan ethnic features A religion with Yunnan ethnic features

Religious Cultural Site Case 1 Case 1 Chongsheng Temple in Dali Chongsheng Temple in Dali

Major attractions of this temple The Three Pagodas The Three Pagodas The Jianji Bell The Jianji Bell The Halls and pavilions built along the north- south axis : e.g. The Pavilion of the Achuoye Goddess of Mercy The Halls and pavilions built along the north- south axis : e.g. The Pavilion of the Achuoye Goddess of Mercy Cultural relics Cultural relics views views

For more details refer to “Tour-guiding the Colorful Yunnan” P

Reading tasks 1. 吴宝璋, 霍永寿 “Yunnan English Guide” p 旅游教育出版社, 吴宝璋, 何昌邑, “Scenic Regions of Yunnan” p 云南大学出版社, 黄瑛 “Tour-guiding the Colorful Yunnan” P 云南大学出版社, 杨学政 P 云南人民出版 社,1999.

Questions 1. Name some Buddhist cultural relics in Yunnan? 2. What are the characteristics of Buddhism in Yunnan? 3. Why was Dali know as “the capital of Buddhism” in the past?