India Review How was the physical geography of India important to the development of civilization? What impact did the Aryans have on India? Mountains and oceans served as natural barriers making invasions difficult Indus and Ganges Rivers were important for farming The early beliefs of Hinduism were thought to be Beliefs of the Aryans. A rigid caste system developed which was based on job or occupation—the top castes Were Aryan.

Why was the Caste system central to Indian culture? Who was Asoka and what was he most known for? It was hereditary, it determined a person’s occupation or job, whom a person could marry and whom a person could socialize with. Spreading Buddhism

What were the accomplishments of the Gupta empire? They made contributions in Math, especially Algebra. They developed the concept of zero. Which Indian Empire was geographically the largest, Mauryan or Guptan? Mauryan

What are characteristics of the Hindu religion? Belief in many forms of one major deity – Brahma (Vishnu and Shiva are other forms) Reincarnation based on Karma or good deeds Sacred writings: Vedas and Upanishads Moksha ends reincarnation cycle – soul Becomes one with Brahma

Who Founded Buddhism? Siddhartha Guatama What are the basic beliefs of Buddhism? Four noble truths and eight-fold path helps You reach enlightenment which ends the reincarnation cycle

Where are: The Himalayas The Indus River The Ganges River The Hindu Kush Mountains The Deccan Plateau The Indian Ocean Source:

1. What did Ashoka construct to spread Buddhist values? a) stupas b) statues of the Buddha c) pyramids d) towers with edicts about Buddhist values 2. Which of the following was invented in India? a. The phonetic alphabet b. Modern numerals c. The civil service system d. Paper 3. Which Indian empire had the largest geographic empire Mauryan or Guptan? ________________

4. The early cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were located a. along the Indus River b. On the coast of India c. along the Ganges River d. in the valleys of the Himalaya Mountains 5. The achievement of the Gupta Empire having the greatest impact on technology, engineering and science is most likely: a. mathematics b. literature c. Buddhism d. Sanskrit

6. The achievement of the Gupta Empire having the greatest impact on technology, engineering and science is most likely: a. mathematics b. literature c. Buddhism d. Sanskrit 7. Indian trade was established along which of the following routes: a. The Royal Roads and the Mediterranean Sea b. Across the Arabia peninsula and up the Nile River c. Along the Tigres River and through the Zagros Mountains d. Along the Silk Roads and across the Indian Ocean

8.Hindu followers hope to achieve __________________, which is a perfect understanding of all things and ends the reincarnation cycle. a. Nirvana b. Reincarnation c. Enlightenment d. Moksha 9. The sacred writings of conversations between teachers and students guide Hindus in understanding their beliefs. a.Upanishadsc. Analects b.Vedasd. The Quran

10. A group of Indo-Europeans who migrated to India bringing the foundations of Hinduism with them were the: a.Hittites b.Assyrians c.Aryans d.Aztecs