Chap 10 - Muscles Learning Objectives: Read pgs 285 – 293. Learn anterior and posterior muscles (from memory). Chap 10 - Muscles Learning Objectives: List the criteria for naming muscles. Name the common muscle fascicle arrangements. Define lever, load, and fulcrum. Explain how these apply to muscles. Name and identify the major muscles identified in class.

PREDICT Can you guess how many muscles there are in the human body?

Tips on Naming Skeletal Muscles _________ of muscle – bone or body region associated with the muscle _______ of muscle – e.g., the deltoid muscle (deltoid = triangle) Relative _____ – e.g., maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long) Direction of ______ – e.g., rectus (fibers run straight), transversus, and oblique (fibers run at angles to an imaginary defined axis) Number of _______ – e.g., biceps (two origins) and triceps (three origins) Location of ____________ – named according to point of origin or insertion ______ – e.g., flexor or extensor, as in the names of muscles that flex or extend, respectively

Warm-Up Practice: Muscle Arrangements Muscles consist of fascicles which vary in shape and function. Goal: In this self-practice, you will observe muscle arrangements & learn their shapes. Estimated Time = 8 - 10 minutes

Fascicle Arrangements Parallel – fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle (e.g., sartorius) Fusiform – spindle-shaped muscles (e.g., biceps brachii) Pennate – short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle (e.g., rectus femoris) Convergent – fascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion (e.g., pectoralis major) Circular – fascicles are arranged in concentric rings (e.g., orbicularis oris)

Muscles as Lever Systems _______ – a rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or _____ point ______ – force applied to a lever _____ – resistance moved by the effort

Think-Pair-Share Instructions: Quickly pair with a partner. Discuss the question below (1- 2 minutes), Be prepared to share your answer. Effort The elbow is a lever system. Where is the load, effort, and fulcrum located? Load Fulcrum

Which 2 muscles are used to flex the elbow?

Muscles – Anterior Upper Body epicranius temporalis orbicularis oculi zygomaticus masseter orbicularis oris platysma sternohyoid trapezius sternocleidomastoid deltoid Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior pectoralis major Triceps brachii intercostals Biceps brachii Rectus abdominus brachialis Pronator teres External oblique brachioradialis Internal oblique Flexor carpi radialis Transversus abdominus Palmaris longus

Muscles – Anterior Lower Body iliopsoas Tensor fasciae latae pectineus sartorius Rectus femoris Adductor longus Vastus lateralis gracilis Vastus medialis gastrocnemius Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus soleus Tibialis anterior

Review 1 2 3

Review 4 5 6

Muscles – Posterior Upper Body epicranius sternocleidomastoid Triceps brachii trapezius brachialis deltoid infraspinatus Teres major Rhomboid major brachioradialus Latissimus dorsi Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum

Muscles – Posterior Lower Body Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Iliotibial tract Adductor magnus Hamstrings: Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius soleus Fibularis longus Calcaneal (Achilles tendon)

Review 1 2 3

Review 4 5 6

Practice Activity: Reviewing the Superficial Muscles Goal: (Putting It All Together) CHALLENGE: Can you commit all the names of the muscles that we just discussed to memory BEFORE leaving class today? * Use handout. See how many you can do WITHOUT looking at your book or notes FIRST. NOTE: If you finish before others, please use the time to study & commit these to memory. You will need to know them for the next test.