BASIC MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION

Software for Construction Management  Primavera Project Planner  Microsoft Project

CONSTRUCTION MONITORING  PRE-CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS  CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION  FUND CONTROL

PRE-CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS  Evaluate the proposed budget, improvements, and arrangements for construction.  Consist of: 1. Document Review -Review of available design documents, plans and specifications to assess whether they are sufficiently complete to construct the project.

2. Budget review - verify the cost of completing the work at the designated cost and on the timetable forecast. This includes an analysis of the construction budget, schedule of values, and construction schedule - verify the cost of completing the work at the designated cost and on the timetable forecast. This includes an analysis of the construction budget, schedule of values, and construction schedule

CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION  Monitor the quality, cost, and rate of completion for the project as it is constructed.  Consist of: 1. Construction Quality Review 1. Construction Quality Review - review of essential documentation to confirm that the general contractor is building the project in accordance with the construction documents. - review of essential documentation to confirm that the general contractor is building the project in accordance with the construction documents.

2. Construction Budget Review - monthly assess to funds that are required in line with percentages of work completed and that there are sufficient funds remaining in the budget to complete the project. - monthly assess to funds that are required in line with percentages of work completed and that there are sufficient funds remaining in the budget to complete the project. 3. Monthly Pay Request Review - the recommendation or approval of the disbursement of funds. - the recommendation or approval of the disbursement of funds.

4. Project Close Out - a final punch- list and assembly of important documentation including warranties and instruction manuals.

CONSTRUCTION FUND CONTROL  Collection of invoices and statements from the general contractor, subcontractors, suppliers and other parties.  Verification that each invoice is legitimate and correct with the proper maintenance.  Confirmation that the required documentation is in proper order to protect the lending institution, including conditional or final license releases.

MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

  Materials at site need to be managed to provide good quality materials

Definition of material management   Described as the concept of planning, purchasing, production and inventory control through storage and material handling

HOW CAN IT BE DONE? Two ways….. 1. PULL SYSTEM METHOD 2. PUSH SYSTEM METHOD

PULL SYSTEM METHOD  Replenishment systems triggered by the usage or depletion of stock. They are a group of techniques that aim to ensure that when stock is used, it is replenished (Replacement ).

PUSH SYSTEM METHOD  Triggered by interpretation of the expected demand and scheduling of supply to meet that demand.

BENEFIT IN MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

Systematic  Effectiveness construction management can reduce cost of project.

Reduce Cost Projects  With efficient management, cost of construction project that are given will be saved.

Increase Productivity  With minimum of cost, consultant also can increase their own productivity by minimizing the labour’s energy.

Time Management  Project will be constructed on time or early than expected.  Can save money to pay wage of labour

PROBLEM OCCURS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

TYPE OF PROBLEM  Weather  Noise  Dust  Drainage  Project Delay  Site Erosion

Weather

Caused:  Heavy rains will cause flood to happen near surrounding area.

Flood

Drainage

Project Delay  Construction delays are the rule, not the exception. Most construction work is performed out-of-doors. Weather, alone, can play havoc with schedules. Then, there are change orders, site problems, labor disputes, shipping delays, supply backlogs, subcontractor problems, and accidents. Always have a contingency plan for delays.

Site Erosion  Site erosion control requires three elements to protect downslope property, the storm drainage system, and receiving waters. The first involves diverting water from upslope, undisturbed areas so that it does not flow across disturbed land. This preventive measure can reduce the volume of water and energy available to transport soil exposed by construction activity

Factors that leads to low productivity

PRODUCTIVITY Productivity can be defined in many ways. In construction, productivity is usually taken to mean labor productivity, that is, units of work placed or produced per man- hour. This measure of productivity has several advantages: the meaning of the term labor productivity is relatively well understood; labour productivity is often the greatest source of variation in overall construction productivity; and the productivity of other inputs can often be measured with respect to labour productivity. Productivity can be defined in many ways. In construction, productivity is usually taken to mean labor productivity, that is, units of work placed or produced per man- hour. This measure of productivity has several advantages: the meaning of the term labor productivity is relatively well understood; labour productivity is often the greatest source of variation in overall construction productivity; and the productivity of other inputs can often be measured with respect to labour productivity.

LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY  Loss of productivity is defined here as the reduction in productivity caused by unanticipated conditions. Such conditions may include adverse weather, scheduled overtime, and material delivery problems.

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PRODUCTIVITY LOSS Adverse Weather and Environmental Conditions Precipitation, wind, and extremes of temperature and humidity may lead to reduce performance due to both physical and psychological factors. It is harder to work in conditions that are very hot, very cold, or very humid, or when it is raining, snowing, or extremely windy.

 Scheduled Overtime Losses are generally attributed to fatigue and to a decrease in worker motivation. Therefore, to keep workers motivated, it should be possible to minimize the impact of overtime.

Disruptions The effect that disruptions can have on productivity may in many cases be the result of a failure to properly manage the unanticipated conditions. For example, if disrupted material deliveries are causing crew idle time, and a resultant loss of productivity, it may be possible to reduce crew size to eliminate the idle time. The activity duration may be extended, but no loss of productivity would result.

Additional Factors Factors such as low morale, poor supervision, poor training, and unsafe working conditions are generally related to worker motivation. The organization and management of the site can have a great impact on productivity. Motivation and productivity can be further reduced by unsafe working conditions.. Further discussions of construction safety and productivity are available. Other factors including out-of-sequence work, congestion, dilution of supervision, and unavailability of manpower are frequently cited as potential causes of productivity loss. In some instances, acceleration, change orders, and delays are cited as causes of productivity loss

Methods to improve construction productivity

Step 1: Instill Pride In Your Workers The construction process depends on the efforts of construction workers. The high dependence on labor efforts is compounded by the fact that many construction workers view themselves as working for a job rather than working for a firm.

Step 2: Improve Communications  Poor communication leads to more than poor worker attitudes; it leads to unnecessary work and makes it impossible to adequate gauge work progress. There are two types of communication that are critical to a productive jobsite - oral communication and written communication

Step 3: Lay Out A Productive Jobsite  Poor lay out of construction logistics or facilities may result to low productivity. For example, if the materials storage location is such that workers have to continually walk long distances to get needed materials, hours of nonproductive labor time will result.

Step 4: Schedule Your Work  There is little doubt that the industry has made more use of formalized schedules in recent years. This has been enhanced by the availability of many computer software programs that have lowered the time and cost of preparing such schedules to improve onsite productivity

Step 5: Analyze Project Reports  All the project reports must have been analyzed and translated correctly to avoid any damage on construction building and to ensure completed on time

Step 6: Manage Equipment Productively  Less spoilt equipment, the faster the work can be completed

Step 7: Improve Safety  A productive job is a safe job. A worker is as likely or more likely to get hurt when he is non-productive than when he is performing productive work. A worker in a state of boredom may find his mind wandering or become careless to the point that he puts himself or others in an accident-prone situation. Let them know the rules and regulations in construction site to prevent accidents.

Step 8: Pay Attention To Quality  Program for productivity improvement needs to be attentive to performing high- quality work. When less than desirable quality is accepted, workers can conclude that a subpar work effort is also acceptable. Poor quality can have a tendency to cause the worker to lose pride in his work effort, and increases the possibility of redo work, directly increasing the required number of worker hours to finish the project.

FACTORS LEADING TO MATERIAL WASTAGE  The availability of relatively inexpensive (currently free) means of waste disposal.  Generally low environmental awareness of the construction industry.  Improper preparation and handling, misuse, and incorrect processing are the major causes of materials wastage on construction sites.

 Table below shows the ranking of the major waste producing construction activities reported by the respondents of a questionnaire survey conducted by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Construction Process Construction Process Rank Rank Formwork 1 Finish work Finish work 2 Concrete work 3 Masonry work Masonry work 4 Material handling 5 Scaffolding work 6 Hoarding 7

MATERIAL WASTAGE

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE  TIMBER WASTE  CONCRETE WASTE  PAPERS/DOCUMENT WASTAGE  PLANT WASTAGE  WATER WATSAGE  CHEMICAL WASTE