Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

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Presentation transcript:

Wake-up 1.What are restriction enzymes? 1.Why is the same restriction enzyme used on the plasmid and gene of interest? 2.What is the POINT of genetic engineering?

Applications of Genetic Engineering

Transgenic Organism An organism (animals, plants, and bacteria) that has been genetically altered.

Example #1: Diabetes and Insulin (Medical)

What is Insulin? Insulin (protein) helps glucose move from our bloodstream to our cells Glucose is from food that was consumed

What produces insulin? Pancreas

Type 1 Diabetes: The Pancreas does not produce insulin

Diabetics need to take Insulin shots How does someone with Type 1 Diabetes get insulin?

History of Insulin Production 1974 – Pancreas was removed from slaughtered animals and purified for human use

History of Insulin Production (finish) 1980’s – Gene that makes insulin in humans was inserted into E.coli (Bacteria) which produced synthetic human insulin

Example #3: Genetically Modified Food (GMO’s)

What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)? An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Why are Organisms Genetically Modified? Modified to be resistant to: Pests Disease Cold Drought Salt Also an overall “better” quality

Example #1 of GMO: Golden Rice

Malnutrition is common in 3 rd world countries; impoverished peoples rely on rice for the main staple of their diet.

However, rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary nutrients to prevent malnutrition More than 10 million children die of malnutrition every year. A vast majority of these deaths is linked to micronutrient deficiencies.

Vitamin A deficiencies can damage the immune system and decrease the body’s ability to resist or fight infections or can lead to partial to total blindness

Golden rice was genetically engineered to contain beta carotene, which can provide Vitamin A (Video: Beginning to 4:30)

GMO Example #2: Tomato and Artic Flounder Video Clip

Example #3: Glowing Organisms (purpose unclear)

Which organisms naturally glow?

Can we make other organisms glow using Genetic Engineering?

GMO Project 1.List GMO 2.Describe the GMO 3.Explain how it is genetically modified 4.Explain why it is genetically modified Create a PowerPoint about your GMO. Make sure to include pictures.