Do Now-With a Partner Essential Question: Has industrialization produced more benefits or more problems for the nation?

Industrial Growth: Post Civil War- Rapid Expansion & Growth Kerosene Coal Oil Steel Concrete Telegraph/telephone Electricity Railroads Steamships Automobiles Airplanes

Enduring Understandings: Economic & Industrial Growth 1.Industrial/Economic growth requires the presence of the Factors of Production including : a.raw materials b.labor force c.Research & development + technology d.machinery & factories e.entrepreneurs f.mass markets

Enduring Understandings: Economic & Industrial Growth 2. Rapid industrialization requires a rapidly growing labor force. 3. Industrialization requires overseas resources, markets and protection for these interests. 4. Industrialization results in consolidation of business and the accumulation of vast wealth in the hands of a small number of people.

1870

1900

Immigrants--Jobs in new industries & factories, construction of buildings, railroads and canals=OVERCROWDING in the Cities Nativism- – The attitude and policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants Led to a push to restrict immigration Focused on new immigrants with different language and religion – Chinese Exclusion Act-1882-not repealed until 1943 – 1907-”Gentlemen’s Agreement” Japanese Immigration was Stopped.

Conditions in Urban slums – Sanitation -horse manure filled streets/factory pollution/ No garbage removal -thrown into ventilation shafts=rats etc.. – Water little or no running water Shared bathrooms 8-10 apts./or outhouses Unsafe to drink-disease Tenement houses- 6-7 story buildings/solid blocks of deep buildings-no windows or ventilation in the inside rooms.

Immigrant Family Lodgings

Men’s Lodgings

Women’s Lodgings

Dumbbell Tenement Plan Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC

Limited water supply/crowded wooden structures/candles/kerosene lamps= Crime * pickpockets/thieves/con-men/street gangs * insufficient or corrupt police Private settlement Houses were developed to assist immigrants Hull House-Jane Addams-Chicago 1893

”Bandits’ Roost”

Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”

Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

Blind Beggar, 1888

A Struggling Immigrant Family

The Other Side of the City – Jerome Mansion

The Other Side of the City – 5 th Avenue

The Other Side of the City – Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Charles Schwab’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Carnegie’s Mansion

The Other Side of the City – Early Luxury Apartments

The Gilded Age- Corruption in government and business at the cost of the citizens/workers. Unionization attempts Strikes/scabs/immig rants Labor violence Poverty Nativism Factory Horrible conditions Cold/hot Poor air quality Dangerous machines No security No benefits No protection Low wages Long Hours

Social Issues CHILD LABOR Exploited for low wages Helped support their families No education-work $ Trapped in an unskilled workforce for a lifetime * Significant impact on health

Cigar Makers Shucking Oysters

Women & African Americans struggle for Opportunity

1890s – Basement Saloon Temperance movement 1890s – Basement Saloon Temperance movement

Essential Question: What impact do corrupt politicians have on society?

Government & Business The golden age of the power of Big Business. – Huge gap between the wealthy and the poor. – Widespread abuse of power in government and business.

Power of Business Trusts- a combination of firms or business designed to form a monopoly. Consolidate & buy up smaller competitors. Big Business influenced politics – Business funded politicians-lobby – Government supported businesses over labor unions in strikes – Bribery/Scandals Laissez-faire Capitalism – Government should play a very limited role in business “HANDS OFF” – Social Darwinism Cartoon #10

Essential Questions: Should anyone have a obligation to help the suffering poor and control the power of big business in a nation ?? – : Answer now Please

Reform: Pendleton Act 1883 Reform: Pendleton Act 1883 Patronage=the spoils system  A Civil Service Act.  1883  14,000 out of 117,000 federal govt. jobs became civil service exam positions.  1900  100,000 out of 200,000 -exam required.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act-1890 Congress passed the act to end the practice of trusts/monopolies. To restore competition. The act made it illegal for business firms to combine in order to set prices and prevent competition. – Standard Oil-John D. Rockefeller – Andrew Carnegie-US Federal Steel – J.P. Morgan-Consolidated the Steel & Railroad industries/Banker and Financier-- created GE – Beef trust, Tobacco trust, Copper Trust etc… – The act was not strictly enforced until T. Roosevelt and the Progressives gained power – ROBBER BARONS or CAPTAINS of INDUSTRY ????