African-Americans During the Gilded Age
Constitutional Amendments After the Civil War 4 13 th – Prohibits Slavery 4 14 th – Grants citizenship & “equal protection under the law” to all citizens 4 15 th – Grants all men the right to vote The problem was that these provisions of the Constitution were NOT ENFORCED
I. Political Treatment
4 Literacy Tests 4 Poll Taxes 4 Grandfather Clauses 4 Intimidation & Violence Examples
4 Literacy Tests 4 Poll Taxes 4 Grandfather Clauses 4 Intimidation & Violence 4 All these limit political participation of blacks Examples
II. Economic Treatment
Sharecropping
Domestic & Manual Jobs
III. Social Treatment
“Jim Crow” Laws Become the norm
Lynchings
IV. Reformers in Conflict Booker T. WashingtonW.E.B. Du Bois
Tuskegee Institute
Niagara Movement & NAACP