Interviewing and Deception Detection Techniques for Rapid Screening and Credibility Assessment Dr. Jay F. Nunamaker, Jr. Dr. Judee K. Burgoon

2 Agenda Introduction Project Phases Project Plan –Year One: Unique Datasets –Year One: Sensors and Tools –Year One: Tasks 1.Analysis Psycho-Physiological Datasets 2.Lexical Analysis 3.Interoperable Video Database 4.Collaborative Credibility Assessment Tools Conclusion

Introduction Identify verbal/non-verbal behaviors and physiological cues that indicate deception and hostile intentions in rapid screening environments Experimental research to evaluate and develop automated deception detection technology Develop questioning and information elicitation strategies for border screeners 3

Project Phases Experimentation and analysis of credibility assessment tools –Test new deception detection technology which incorporate verbal/non- verbal behavior and physiological measures –Prototype automated systems and enabling technologies for detecting deception –Replicate knowledge learned in experiments in the field Analysis of interviewing techniques in screening scenarios –Techniques for information elicitation –Behavioral analysis and questioning strategies Screening and border specific analysis of detection methods –Unobtrusive methods for behavior monitoring and deception detection –Interview and screening techniques 4

Project Plan Phase Schedule (year) (1) Experimentation and analysis of credibility assessment tools (2) Analysis of interviewing techniques in screening scenarios (3) Screening and border specific analysis of detection methods 5

Project Plan – Year 1 Unique Datasets Datasets for original analysis: –Cultural Benchmarks 220 international participants Professionally interviewed (25 questions) Lie or truth instructions –Mock Crime 134 participants Realistic Mock theft scenario New Proposed Experiments 6

7 Project Plan – Year 1 Mock Crime: Experiment Example Stage 1: Subject arrival at separate building Stage 2: Subject receives instructions by recording Stage 3: Subject arrives at secretary’s office to steal ring Stage 4: Subject completes credibility interview about involvement in theft

Project Plan – Year 1 Sensors and Tools LDVTHERMALBLINK EYE-TRACKINGPUPILOMETRYKINESIC Equipment supplied by:

Project Plan – Year 1 Task 1: Analysis Psycho-Physiological Datasets Phase 1: LDV Data Analysis (Year 1) –Unintentionally leaked psycho-physiological cues may be indicative of deceptive behavior –“Cultural Benchmarks” experiment captured Pulse and Respiration data via LDV –Determine if the LDV can provide cues that are indicative of deception Phase 2: Data from multi-sensors (Year 2) –Cultural Benchmarks Experiment – sensor data analyzed individually – not looked at collectively Pulse Respiration, Kinesics (Blob, ASM, Gestures, Blinking, Pose), and Pupilometry Phase 3: Data-fusion techniques (Year 2) –How do we fuse data from distinct sources? –Do fusion techniques provide greater accuracy in detecting deception?

Milestones and Deliverables MilestoneDescription and DeliverableTimeframe (1) Phase 1 Perform analysis of data from LDV collected during previous deception experiment. Determine if any psycho-physiological cues emerge that indicate deceptive behavior. Deliverable is the psycho-physiological cues provided by LDV indicative of deception. 6 months (2) Phase 2 Gather additional experimental data collected from various sensors during deception detection experiment. Format and prepare for processing. Deliverable is a formatted data set ready for analysis. 6 months (3) Phase 3 Explore methods to fuse data into one robust algorithm. Conduct statistical analysis to determine if collectively the combined sensor output is a greater predictor of deceptive behavior. 6 months *Year one deliverables in green

Project Plan – Year 1 Task 2: Lexical Analysis “words whose job it is to make things more or less fuzzy” (Lakoff, 1972) e.g. perhaps, might, maybe, approximately Communicates speaker’s degree of confidence (Hyland, 1998; Coates, 1987) Reduces strength of a statement (Zucker & Zucker, 1986) Expresses tentativeness and probability Theoretically linked to deception use

Milestones and Deliverables MilestoneDescription and DeliverableTimeframe (1) Phase 1 Prepare transcriptions of cultural benchmarks interviews for analysis 1 month (2) Phase 2 Refine hedging dictionaries and lexical bundle software 1 month (3) Phase 2b Parse text, generate features, run classification algorithms, run statistical analyses 2 months (4) Phase 3 Write results and discuss implications for rapid screening, articulate future investigations 2 months *Year one deliverables in green

Project Plan – Year 1 Task 3: Interoperable Video Database Currently have many large, disparate data sources. Challenges in managing large and diverse data sets include: Integrating the datasets efficiently Querying integrated data sets intelligently Example: Retrieve all data associated w/specific gesture Capturing tacit information Determining the elementary/composite data elements Creating semantic interoperability across the datasets In order to begin addressing these challenges, we need to begin to create a framework which will help us understand the datasets and how to manage them holistically. Mock Crime Interviews Cultural Benchmarks Interviews Retrieve all data associated with shrugs

Milestones and Deliverables MilestoneDescription and DeliverableTimeframe (1) Phase 1 Initial Data Framework and Recommendations – an initial data framework that integrates video datasets from two experiments. This framework will serve as discussion for the future data management directions. 6 month (2) Phase 2 Prototype Implementation –implement prototype to demonstrate solutions to various data challenges. Through Year 6 *Year one deliverables in green

Project Plan – Year 1 Task 4: Collaborative Credibility Assessment Tools Problem: Individuals are not as accurate as machines in credibility assessment Proposal: Use group collaboration to discover more cues to deception First phase Deliverable: Determine feasibility of and requirements for collaboration tools for credibility assessment. Create prototype(s)

Milestones and Deliverables MilestoneDescription and DeliverableTimeframe (1) Phase 1 Methodically identify and adapt most useful collaboration tools 3 month (2) Phase 2Design software2 month (3) Phase 2bCreate initial prototype(s)*1 month *Year one deliverables in green

Conclusion Identify verbal/non-verbal behaviors and physiological cues that indicate deception and hostile intentions in rapid screening environments Experimental research using unique datasets to evaluate and develop: –Automated deception detection technology –Experimental research to evaluate and develop automated deception detection technology Four proposed tasks with deliverables in Year One