Smart Cards

Security token - Smart cards 1 Many connected tokens use smart card technology. Smart cards can be very cheap (around ten cents) and contain proven security mechanisms (as used by financial institutions, like cash cards). However, computational performance of smart cards is often rather limited because of extreme low power consumption and ultra thin form-factor requirements.

Security token - Smart cards 1 Smart-card-based USB tokens which contain a smart card chip inside provide the functionality of both USB tokens and smart cards. They enable a broad range of security solutions and provide the abilities and security of a traditional smart card without requiring a unique input device. From the computer operating system's point of view such a token is a USB-connected smart card reader with one non-removable smart card present.

Reverse engineering - Reverse engineering of integrated circuits/smart cards 1 Welz: [ 708.html Smart cards as methods for payment] (2008), Seminar ITS-Security Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Smart card - Contact smart cards 1 Contact smart cards have a contact area of approximately, comprising several gold- plated contact pads. These pads provide electrical connectivity when inserted into a Card reader|reader, which is used as a communications medium between the smart card and a host (e.g., a computer, a point of sale terminal) or a mobile telephone. Cards do not contain Battery (electricity)|batteries; power is supplied by the card reader.

Smart card - Contact smart cards 1 Communication protocols for contact smart cards include T=0 (character-level transmission protocol, defined in ISO/IEC ) and T=1 (block-level transmission protocol, defined in ISO/IEC ).

Smart card - Contactless smart cards 1 Like smart cards with contacts, contactless cards do not have an internal power source. Instead, they use an inductor to capture some of the incident radio- frequency interrogation signal, rectifier|rectify it, and use it to power the card's electronics.

List of smart cards 1 Example of widely used contactless smart cards are London's Oyster card, Hong Kong's Octopus card, Stockholm's SL Access|Access card, Japan's Suica and Pasmo cards,

List of smart cards 1 Nigeria's [ ETC Card], Paris' Calypso (electronic ticketing system)|Calypso/Navigo pass|Navigo, the Dutch OV-Chipkaart and Lisbon's LisboaViva card, which predate the ISO/IEC standard. The following tables list smart cards used for public transportation and other electronic money|electronic purse applications.

Hardware token - Smart cards 1 Smart-card-based USB tokens which contain a smart card chip inside provide the functionality of both USB tokens and smart cards

Wireless security - Smart cards, USB tokens, and software tokens 1 Companies in this area make USB tokens, software tokens, and smart cards

Wireless security - Smart cards, USB tokens, and software tokens 1 Currently the safest security measures are the smart cards / USB tokens. However, these are expensive. The next safest methods are WPA2 or WPA with a RADIUS server. Any one of the three will provide a good base foundation for security.

Multifactor authentication - Smart cards 1 Some vendors offer smart cards that perform both the function of a proximity card physical access device and network authentication

Multifactor authentication - Smart cards 1 Alternatively, USB smart card readers are available which are no more expensive than many display tokens, in fact, some smart cards have an interface which is electrically (but not mechanically) USB, so that the reader needs no intelligence whatsoever and consequently can be very cheap

Multifactor authentication - Smart cards 1 Another concern when deploying smart cards, USB tokens, or other TFA systems is the security of the software loaded on to users' computers. A token may store a user's credentials securely, but the potential for breaking the system is then shifted to the software interface between the hardware token and the OS, potentially rendering the added security of the TFA system useless.

Multifactor authentication - Smart cards 1 The downsides of smart cards include that they are not the smallest form factor (although they do fit conveniently in a wallet) and that the card reader is an extra expense. Another disadvantage is that they are less robust than most other forms of token. Repeated flexing can damage both contact and contactless smart cards, and adverse climatic conditions can reduce the reliability of contact smart cards.

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