Tourism!

Why has tourism increased?

What are the main types of Tourism? Mountain and Hill Tourism Beach Tourism City Breaks What are the main types of Tourism? Cultural Tourism Ecological Tourism Activity/Adventure Tourism Extreme Environments

Why do places need tourism?

What income does tourism bring to the UK. Why do people come here What income does tourism bring to the UK? Why do people come here? What can change this? 2 million jobs created directly or indirectly. Direct employment = 5% of UK workforce. BUT it is seasonal in some places Most jobs are around London why do you think this is?

What income does tourism bring to the UK. Why do people come here What income does tourism bring to the UK? Why do people come here? What can change this?

The Butler Tourist Model Stage 6 Rejuvenation Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Slow Decline Try and put these in order. From Stage 1 – 6. 1) Consolidation 2) Development 3) Exploration 4) Stagnation 5) Rejuvenation 6) Involvement Major Decline Number of Tourists Time

Qs: Draw and label the tourist area/resort life cycle model (Butlers Model) to show how a resort changes over time (4 marks)

1. Case Study: A Managed Tourist Area The Lake District, Cumbria Lakes to Visit: Windermere Grassmere Derwent water Places to Visit: Muncaster Castle Keswick Brewery Ulswater Steamers

How is the Lake District Managed? Bowness had major traffic congestion and have now extended car parks and created them on the outside of the town. 2) Litter is a problem so they are…… 1) Footpaths are bring eroded, so to reduce this they are..…. 5) Making people pay and display means….. 3) Fishermen are being disturbed by jet skiers so they are planning to…. 7) Farms are diversifying by……… 4) Houses are being bought as second homes meaning….. 6) People are parking on roadsides so to stop them …..

What is Mass Tourism?

2. Case Study of Mass Tourism: The advantages, disadvantages and how long term damage can be reduced: The Kenyan Coast & Kenyan Safari

The Kenyan Coast: Mombassa Advantages Problems and Solutions

2. Case Study of Mass Tourism: The advantages, disadvantages and how long term damage can be reduced: The Kenyan Coast – Advantages and Disadvantages – Which are which? Restaurants open to cater for EU food tastes ie fish and chips Wages are low. Under minimum wage. Jobs for the local people. Which is spent back into the local economy. Most of the money from all inclusive holidays goes to the tour operator in the UK (i.e Thompson) Hours are long for hotel workers Local people work as waiters, chefs. However the hotel owners are not local. Wages are low. Under minimum wage. Litter Visitors offend local people via exposing too much skin Drugs, alcoholism and prostitution Land is lost for more hotels to be built Coral reefs are stood on by tourists and as a result die off. It is also taken for illegal trade. Visitors don’t spend outside of the hotel resort as they are all inclusive holidays

2. Case Study of Mass Tourism: The advantages and how long term damage can be reduced: Kenyan Safari: The Massai Mara

2. Case Study of Mass Tourism: The advantages, disadvantages and how long term damage can be reduced: Kenyan Safari – Advantages and Disadvantages – Which are which? Soil erosion from vehicles leaving scares in the landscape Jobs for the local people. Which is spent back into the local economy. People get too close to the animals and they become tame Hot air balloons can disrupt natural behaviours for wildlife Going too close to animals means that they are disturbed whilst they are mating, reducing populations Animals can become ill from eating rubbish from lodges Land is lost for more hotels to be built Tour guides can take the majority of the Massai peoples money from the tourists from taking them there. Massai people “dance” for tourists, making a spectacle of their culture

Solutions: Encourage Eco-Tourism Up holiday prices to make less people go Cordon off coral reefs

Qs: Explain how mass tourism contributes to the economy of a country (4 Marks) Outline the positive effects of mass tourism on the environment of a tropical area (2 marks)

Why are Extreme Environments increasing in popularity?

Why are Extreme Environments increasing in popularity?

3. Case Study: The extent to which an extreme environment can cope with tourism: Antarctica

What are the issues? 1950s tourism began First cruise ship 1969 1992-3 = 37,000 2006-7 = 46,000 tourists Mostly American (40%) Problem: Tourists arrive at Honeypot sites. Researchers don’t. Problem: Ships have struck unchartered ice or rock. Oil Spills a problem Problem: Penguins are being harassed. Stops them laying eggs or they abandon them. Management: No tourists to visit SSSIs. To protect wildlife. Bird Isand, South Georgia. Management: Operators are members of IAATO to promote safe and environmentally friendly use. This is in line with the Arctic Treaty. Management: Permit needed for any activity for tourists Management: no ships over 500 passengers allowed to land. BUT will this remain as popularity increases?

BUT these are EXPENSIVE holidays which some people cant afford. Why do we need conservation and stewardship? How can tourism be sustainable: Eco Tourism Conservation = planned and careful use of resources to maintain natural environment for future generations Stewardship = personal responsibility for looking after the environment for future generations Ecotourism = Living the way of life of the area, being environmentally friendly i.e., recycling and water conservation. Participating in activities that minimise impact on the environment. i.e bird watching, trekking. People eat local food, stay in lodges not hotel resorts and use local people for guides meaning impacts are small on the environment. BUT these are EXPENSIVE holidays which some people cant afford.

Case Study: Eco Tourism Kigio Wildlife Conservancy, Kenya

Past Qs: Choose either a National Park or coastal resort in the UK. Describe one or more strategies that your chosen area has used to maintain a successful tourism industry. (8 Marks) Use a case study to explain how ecotourism has contributed to sustainable development (8 Marks) Describe how a named area with an extreme environment is coping with an increasing number of tourists. (8 marks)