Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Energy and life Photosynthesis Pg 201-203 Photosynthesis Pg 204-207 Reactions of Photosynthesis Pg 208-214

Energy and Life Vocabulary: Autotroph organisms that make their own food from light energy (sun). Heterotroph organisms that obtain energy from food they consume; they do not make their own food. These are the consumers. ATP adenosine triphosphate. Composed of adenine, ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups

Energy and life cont. ATP/ADP energy for living organisms Found in every cell to do work ATP is like a fully charged battery/ADP partially charged Chemical reaction in the cell that changes/converts ADP to ATP so energy is available. ADP is recycled and reused to make ATP like recharg. bat.

How is ATP regenerated? 1 glucose = 90xs chem. energy

Energy and Life cont. Cells use energy (ATP) in many ways Transporting ions across cell membrane Muscle contraction Ca+ is stored in muscle is released with ATP Sodium Na+ (out) potassium K+ (in) pumps in muscle cells Lack of Ca+=cramp Salt in sweat=loss of Na+ Why runners drink Gatorade and eat power bars or gu and carb. load Metabolism-breakdown of glucose Molecules entering a cell

Photosynthesis Vocabulary: Photosynthesis light energy + CO2 +H2O converted to O2 and carbohydrates and glucose Pigment light absorbing molecules that capture the sun’s rays (photons/e-); two types of pigment Chlorophyll chlorophyll a and b a is grassy green pigment, more abundant in plants a and b reflect and transmit green light = plants looking green b is accessory bluish-green pigment; ½ amount of a

Chloroplast and company Vocabulary Chloroplast organelle in plant cells that houses and specializes in photosynthesis Thylakoid house chlorophylls (pigments found in plants) Stroma space between chloroplast structure and thylakiods NADP+ carrier molecule that takes e- from chlorophylls to the Calvin Cycle; 2 e- + 1 H+ = NADPH **helps build glucose in cell**

What kind of light is absorbed? Pigments absorb blue and red wavelengths on the spectrometer Plants are green because they reflect green light This initial light absorption transfers light energy to electrons sending them to the e-transport chain. Photosystem II

Reactions of Photosynthesis cont. Vocabulary cont. Light-dependent reactions produce O2 gas, convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADH ATP synthase protein responsible for converting ADP + 1 H+ and phosphate group to make ATP Light-independent reaction Calvin Cycle; uses ATP and NADH from light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars.

Calvin Cycle Carbon fixation Glucose formed Watch and learn!

http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.htm

Next… Homework: Pg 217 problems 1-23