Below is an absorption spectrum for an unknown pigment molecule Below is an absorption spectrum for an unknown pigment molecule. What color would this pigment appear to you? violet blue green yellow red Answer: b Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #6

In green plants, most of the ATP for synthesis of proteins, cytoplasmic streaming, and other cellular activities comes directly from photosystem I. the Calvin cycle. oxidative phosphorylation. noncyclic photophosphorylation. cyclic photophosphorylation. Answer: c Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #15

What portion of an illuminated plant cell would you expect to have the lowest pH? nucleus vacuole chloroplast stroma of chloroplast thylakoid space Answer: e Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #19

A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment? red and yellow blue and violet green and yellow blue, green, and red green, blue, and violet Answer: a Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #8

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. to test for liberation of O2 in the light. to test for CO2 fixation in the dark. to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. to test for production of either sucrose or starch. Answer: b Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #21

Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes? the splitting of water the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I the synthesis of ATP the reduction of NADP+ Answer: d Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #24

Which of the following conclusions does not follow from studying the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis? Not all wavelengths are equally effective for photosynthesis. There must be accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of light that contributes energy for photosynthesis. The red and blue areas of the spectrum are most effective in driving photosynthesis. Chlorophyll owes its color to the absorption of green light. Chlorophyll a has two absorption peaks. Answer: d Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #3

Which of the following processes could still occur in a chloroplast in the presence of an inhibitor that prevents H+ from passing through ATP synthase complexes? sugar synthesis generation of a proton-motive force photophosphorylation the Calvin cycle oxidation of NADPH Answer: b Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #10

The diagram below represents an experiment with isolated chloroplasts The diagram below represents an experiment with isolated chloroplasts. The chloroplasts were first made acidic by soaking them in a solution at pH 4. After the thylakoid space reached pH 4, the chloroplasts were transferred to a basic solution at pH 8. The chloroplasts are then placed in the dark. Which of these compounds would you expect to be produced? * ATP NADPH + H+ G3P ATP and NADPH + H+ ATP, NADPH + H+, and G3P Answer: a Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Process of Science Question Discussion Notes for the Instructor There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including: What are the relative hydrogen ion concentrations inside the chloroplast and in the solution? Which way will hydrogen ions move through the ATP synthease complexes? Are the enzymes needed for the Calvin cycle present? Is NADP+ present? Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this: Choice A, correct Choice B, there is no movement of electrons and no NADP+ present Choice C, the enzymes required for the Calvin cycle are not present Choice D, similar to Choice B Choice E, similar to choices B and C

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occur? The pH of the matrix increases. ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. The electrons gain free energy. The cytochromes of the chain phosphorylate ADP to form ATP. NAD+ is oxidized. Answer: a Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Self-Quiz Question #6

In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a drug called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after a few patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. What impact does this have on ATP production? * reduces substrate level phosphorylations increases substrate level phosphorylations reduces oxidative level phosphorylations increase oxidative level phosphorylations This would have no impact on ATP production. Answer: c Source: Campbell/Reece - Biology, Sixth Edition, EOC Process of Science Question Discussion Notes for the Instructor There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including: Which portion of the cellular respiration pathway involves hydrogen ions and the mitochondrial membrane? How do hydrogen ions cause ATP production? If the hydrogen ion concentration changes how does this impact ATP? Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this: Choice A, substrate level phosphorylations do not involve hydrogen ions. Choice B, substrate level phosphorylations do not involve hydrogen ions. Choice C, correct. Choice D, if there are fewer hydrogen ions to move through the ATP synthetase complexes less ATP will be produced. Choice E, hydrogen ion movement has a direct impact on ATP production.

Cyanide is a poison that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain. Which of the following is a metabolic effect of this poison? The lower pH of the intermembrane space is much lower than normal. Electrons are passed directly to oxygen, causing cells to explode. Alcohol would build up in the cells. NADH supplies would be exhausted, and ATP synthesis would cease. No proton gradient would be produced, and ATP synthesis would cease. Answer: e Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #20

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis? an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+ an agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A Answer: c Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #5

You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat on a diet. Where did the fat go (how was it lost)? * It was released as CO2 and H2O. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released. It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body. Answer: a Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #63 Discussion Notes for the Instructor There are several questions which can be asked to guide the discussion of this question including: What are fats composed of and how does that relate to the answer choices? How are fats metabolized and what are the end products of this? Using these questions as an outline, discussion of the choices might look like this: Choice A, correct. The mass of a fat is in the atoms of the molecule. When fats are metabolized these atoms end up in CO2 and H20 Choice B, while this is somewhat true, energy has no mass and therefore cannot be the source of the weight loss. Choice C, When fats are metabolized the energy in them is used to make ATP, but the fats are not converted into ATP (a common misconception) Choice D, Fats are not composed of amino acids Choice E, Urine is generally the result of nitrogenous waste product, fats (i.e. Triglycerides contain little nitrogen if any and therefore do not result in urine production)