(grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)

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Presentation transcript:

(grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) ORTHOPTERA (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)

? ✓ ✓ ✓ = Orthopteroid orders Plecoptera Zoraptera Embiodea Dermaptera Grylloblattodea ✓ Mantophasmatodea ✓ Polyneoptera Phasmida Orthoptera Mantodea Isoptera Blattaria Psocoptera Neoptera Phthiraptera Paraneoptera Thysanoptera Hemiptera Coleoptera Rhaphidioptera Neuropterida Megaloptera Neuroptera Hymenoptera Mecoptera Siphonaptera Diptera ? Panorpida Strepsiptera Trichoptera Lepidoptera = Orthopteroid orders

Hexapod Orders Orthoptera Ortho - straight, ptera - wing Number of Species 23,000 Common names Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids Typical habitats - vegetation, worldwide Distinguishing characteristics ovipositor saltatorial hind legs Other features -first group to use sound in communication

Orthopteran Phylogeny

Fossil Crickets & grasshoppers

Characteristics of Orthoptera 1. Chewing Mouthparts

Characteristics of Orthoptera 2. Saltatorial Hind Legs

Two Suborders of Orthoptera 1. Caelifera - Grasshoppers diurnal, jumping short antennae terrestrial (not arboreal) 2. Ensifera - katydids, crickets nocturnal, walking long antennae arboreal

Sound Production Ensifera

Sound production - stridulation

Sound production - stridulation

Sound production - stridulation Katydid song Cricket song

Sound production - stridulation

Sound production - habitat modification Mole cricket song

Phylogeny of Stridulation From Gwynne 1995

Sound Reception Ensifera

Ensifera - hearing

Ensifera - hearing

Sound Production Caelifera

Sound Reception Caelifera

Sound Reception

Orthoptera - Camouflage Caelifera

Ensifera - Camouflage/Mimicry

Orthoptera - Camouflage Ensifera

Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

Ensifera - Nutrients to Female

Does the female get the nutrients? Spermatophore takes up radioactive protein Inject male with radioactive protein Spermatophore passed to female Eggs contain radioactive protein

Amount of spermatophylax eaten Ensifera - Nutrients to Female Amount of spermatophylax eaten Protein in diet Female size Egg size Number of eggs % surviving Son: length of time as a juvenile Son’s size Spermatophylax size Daughter: length of time as a juvenile Daughter’s size Number of eggs

Some representative Orthoptera Ensifera Hagloidea - grigs, Cyphoderris Gryllidae - crickets, mole crickets

Some representative Orthoptera Ensifera Stenopalmatidae - Jerusalem cricket & wetas Tettigoniidae - katydids

Some representative Orthoptera Caelifera Acrididae - Grasshoppers & locusts

Economic Importance Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust Solitary Dispersing

Economic Importance Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust Solitary Dispersing

Economic Importance Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust •

Locust outbreaks - Australia

Economic Importance

Economic Importance

Economic Importance

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