NUTRITIONNUTRITION 15.1

I. NUTRIENTS A. Nutrients- Substances in food that provide energy and materials for your body’s cells. B. Calorie- The amount of energy in food in the form of heat cal required to raise 1 ml of water 1 degree Celsius.

II. 6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS A.Proteins B. Carbohydrates C. Fats D. Vitamins E. Minerals F. Water

III. Proteins A. Function: Replacement & repair of body cells B. Subunits: Amino Acids 1. Humans need 20 different amino acids amino acids are made in the body, 8 must be consumed C. Found in meat, fish, eggs, nuts

IV. CARBOHYDRATES A. Function: Main source of energy for the body. B. 3 Types of Carbs 1. Simple carbs./sugars found in fruits 2. Complex carbs./starches found in pasta and potatoes

IV. CARBOHYDRATES 3. Cellulose found in cell walls of plant cells (lettuce, beans, peas, cereals, etc) a. AKA “fiber” b. Humans cannot digest cellulose c. Helps you poop!

V. FATS A. Function: Make up cell membranes, provide energy, absorb vitamins, provide insulation. B. Subunits: Fatty Acids & Glycerol C. Found in oils, meats, etc

V. FATS D. Too much fat can lead to heart disease and strokes due to high cholesterol E. 9 cal in each gram of fat 4 cal in each gram of carb.

VI. VITAMINS A.Purpose: Growth, metabolism, prevent some diseases B. Needed in small amounts C. Found in fruits, veggies, dairy products, grains, nuts

VI. VITAMINS Water Soluble Fat Soluble C: Growth, A: Growth, immune systemEyes, Skin B: Nerves, bloodD: Bones, Teeth cells, metabolismK: Wound recover Blood clotting E: Cell membranes

VII. MINERALS A. Function: Chemical reactions in your body (muscle movement, digestion, etc) B. Found in dairy products, meats, eggs and vegetables

VII. MINERALS MineralHealth Effect. CalciumStrong bones & teeth, Muscle contraction, Blood clotting, Nerve Activity Phosphorus Strong bones & teeth, Muscle contraction, Stores energy

VII. MINERALS MineralHealth Effect. PotassiumWater balance in cells, Nerve impulses, Muscle contraction SodiumNerve impulses, Water balance in cells

VII. MINERALS MineralHealth Effect. IronOxygen transport in bloodstream IodineThyroid (growth) activity, Metabolism

VIII. WATER A. WATER IS CRUCIAL!!! 1. You can live weeks without food, but only days without water 2. Water is in your blood, cells, tissues—everywhere! 3. Water makes up 60% of your body weight!

VIII. WATER B. Water is constantly lost through sweat, exhaling, etc. C. Water homeostasis (internal balance) is maintained because you get thirsty which causes you to drink more water.

I. NUTRIENTS Daily Diet Tracker

RECAP 1.What is a nutrient? 2.What is a calorie? 3.What are the 6 Vital Nutrients and their function?