Valley Forge

British Plan Cut off New England from the Middle Colonies Cut off New England from the Middle Colonies Capture the Hudson Capture the Hudson - General Burgoyne (B) brings 8,000 troops from Canada Retreat to Fort Saratoga

SARATOGA 10/17/77 Horatio Gates attacks Saratoga and defeats the British Horatio Gates attacks Saratoga and defeats the British Daniel Morgan – guerilla war and sharp shooters Daniel Morgan – guerilla war and sharp shooters Spoils Britain’s plan to cut off New England from the Middle Colonies Spoils Britain’s plan to cut off New England from the Middle Colonies Other countries see Saratoga and send aid (1year) Other countries see Saratoga and send aid (1year) 1. France sends generals 2. Spain sends rifles 3. Both send men

Warm Up? How is this picture of Washington different from other portraits of Washington? How is this picture of Washington different from other portraits of Washington? Explain Washington’s emotions in this painting. Explain Washington’s emotions in this painting.

A Difficult Winter 1778 British occupied Philadelphia Washington sets up camp 20 miles to the west at Valley Forge Washington sets up camp 20 miles to the west at Valley Forge Winter of suffering Winter of suffering - lack of food - clothing and shelter - small pox Washington struggled to keep army from deserting Washington struggled to keep army from deserting

The Crisis – Thomas Paine THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.

After the Winter 2,000 soldiers dead 2,000 soldiers dead Spring brings more soldiers enlistments Spring brings more soldiers enlistments Spring 1778 Washington announces that the American and French alliance Spring 1778 Washington announces that the American and French alliance Continental Army better than ever Continental Army better than ever

Overseas help Marquis de Lafayette – becomes Washington’s most trusted aide Marquis de Lafayette – becomes Washington’s most trusted aide Steuben – officer from Germany who drills the patriots into an effective fighting force Steuben – officer from Germany who drills the patriots into an effective fighting force

French American Alliance Cause France pay back British for French and Indian War France pay back British for French and Indian War Victory at Saratoga make French believe in Patriots Victory at Saratoga make French believe in Patriots Ben Franklin Ben Franklin Effect France lends money Sends soldiers and ships Patriots win the American Revolution

Home Front Women picked up the slack Women picked up the slack - Abigail Adams – worked the farm - Abigail Adams – worked the farm - Betsy Ross – sewed first American flag - Betsy Ross – sewed first American flag Money issues – inflation takes more money to buy same amount of goods Ex. Toy = $1 after inflation $2

June 1778 George Rogers Clark Captures Vincennes Captures Vincennes Important victory because it captures the west for the Americans Important victory because it captures the west for the Americans

John Paul Jones Privateers – private ship owners took their ships and equipped them with weapons Privateers – private ship owners took their ships and equipped them with weapons Jones’ naval victories inspires the American Army Jones’ naval victories inspires the American Army “ I have not yet begun to fight”

Valley Forge is the low point for the Americans Valley Forge is the low point for the Americans After Valley Forge foreign aid and heroes like Jones will lead the Americans to win the war. After Valley Forge foreign aid and heroes like Jones will lead the Americans to win the war.

Lafayette’s Quarters

Henry Knox’s quarters

Statue of FrederichVon Steuben

Observation Towers

Old Forge

Washington’s Headquarters

Knox’s Artillery Park

National Memorial Arch

Soldiers Huts

Washington Memorial and Chapel