Chapter 15 Clinical Health Psychology, Neuropsychology and Forensic Psychology INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2E HUNSLEY & LEE PREPARED BY DR. CATHY CHOVAZ, KING’S COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO
Clinical Health Psychology Clinical Neuropsychology Forensic Psychology Topics
Areas of Knowledge Required for Registration as a Psychologist in Ontario Normal Functioning Biological bases of behaviour Cognitive affective bases of behaviour Social bases of behaviour Psychology of the individual Learning Lifespan development Personality/individual differences Scientific Issues Research design and methodology Statistics Psychological measurement
Areas of Knowledge Required for Registration as a Psychologist in Ontario Professional Issues Ethical, legal, and professional issues Assessment and Case Formulation Psychopathology Psychological assessment Psychodiagnostics Intervention Intervention procedures; psychotherapy Evaluation of change
Dramatic increases in medicine and sanitation have increased life expectancy and the role of behaviors on health Definition of disability (World Health Org: WHO-ICF, 2002): impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction WHO uses a biopsychosocial model: underscores integrated parts of individual biology, psychology and society. Clinical Health Psychology
Statistics Canada (2007): 4.4 million Canadians reported that they are limited by health-related problems (a 14.3% disability rate) Clinical Health Psychologists focus on the intersection of the health, behaviour and society In Ontario, in addition to the requirements noted earlier (exhibit 15.1 in text), additional specialized training and knowledge is required in health psychology (behavioural medicine, developmental psychology) Clinical Health Psychology
Activities of Clinical Health Psychologists Work in all manner of settings including community clinics, hospitals, and private practice Most work with various health problems including: asthma, chronic pain, cancer, diabetes, heart disease etc. Many focus on both assessment and treatment/intervention Clinical Health Psychology
Neuropsychology is the study of brain-behaviour relationships. Clinical neuropsychology is the assessment and remediation of problems with the CNS Clinical neuropsychologists work with a large variety of patients including those with Alzheimer's, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, brain tumours, and Parkinson’s disease Clinical Neuropsychology
Clinical neuropsychologists receive training in Neuroanatomy: normal brain structure and function Psychopharmacology: the way drugs and environmental toxins affect the brain Neuropathology: the way injuries affect the brain Neuropsych assessment: vast array of tests and assessments for brain function Clinical Neuropsychology
Recent imaging techniques (e.g., MRI, fMRI) have expanded their training to these areas Examples for neuropsych assessments Diagnosis (e.g., whether cognitive impairment is related to depression or injury) Prognosis (e.g., how will a head injury affect long term memory) Treatment planning (e.g., how to help someone with a serious head injury) Legal proceedings (e.g., might this person continue to be violent in the future?) Clinical Neuropsychology
Canada - a Ph.D in clinical psychology and additional field training (above and beyond the requirements listed earlier– Exhibit 15.1 in text ) Testing instruments include all those covered in this class plus many other specialized tests Assessment includes testing and other measures (just as with a typical clinical assessment) Intervention often focuses on the areas highlighted in assessment that need remediation or rehabilitation Clinical Neuropsychology
Forensic Psychology: The application of psychology to the legal and criminal justice system Like many other clinical psychologists they engage in prevention, assessment, treatment and research In Canada most receive their doctorate in clinical psychology followed by additional training in forensics (above requirements noted on p.3) Employed in a variety of settings including hospitals, private practice, court clinics, penitentiaries, specialized facilities Forensic Psychology
Some activities of forensic psychologists: Court related assessments Assessment of witnesses Assessment of victims Assessment of the accused Assessment of disputed parties (child custody) Assessment of offenders Treatment services for offenders Research Work on prevention programs (e.g., creating a program to decrease bullying) Forensic Psychology
Forensic assessment involves most all of the assessment/tests that we have discussed in this class plus those targeted to forensic populations, for example: Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Violence Risk Appraisal Guide Intervention usually is focused on decreasing recidivism: committing crimes after release from incarceration Forensic Psychology
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