Road to Civil War, Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 2

I. Mexican War

II. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1.Feb. 1848—Ends Mexican War 2.CA, NM (including UT, NV, AZ) 3.Rio Grande River the southern boundary 4.Mexico gets $15 million

III. 1850s—Decade of Crisis

1850s—Decade of Crisis (cont’d) —80,000+ flood CA 2.CA a free or slave state? 3.CA a slave state? 4.Extend the Missouri Line?

IV. Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 (cont’d) 1.CA free state 2.Slavery unrestricted in UT & NM territories 3.TX gets $10 million for land 4.Slave trade abolished in D.C. & MD 5.Fugitive Slave Act

V. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1. Republican Party—Opposed to the expansion of slavery & KS/NE Act.

Roger Taney Dred Scott

VI. John Brown 1.Harper’s Ferry, VA 2.Big slave rebellion? 3.Failure 4.Caught, tried, executed 5.Confederate Army begins….

VII. The South Secedes 1.Dec. 20, 1860—SC secedes 2.Protect state’s rights, slavery, & way of life 3.MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX followed. (Later VA, AK, NC) 4.Feb. 1861—Confederate States of America 5.Pres. Jefferson Davis

The South Secedes (cont’d) 6.Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC 7.S. opens canon fire; Union gives up the Federal Garrison 8.Conf. celebrated their 1 st victory; Civil War begins. (Bloodies war in U.S. history)

VIII. Civil War

Anaconda Plan 1.Union Plan--Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan 1.1st Phase—Union Navy blockade ALL Southern Ports 2.2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River 3.3 rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas 4.4 th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA

Antietam 1.Antietam—Bloodiest day 2.22,000 dead 3.Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept Confederates from getting foreign aid!

Emancipation Proclamation 1.Jan. 1, Gave N. moral justification 3.England agreed; won’t help the S. 4.Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union 5.54th Mass. Infantry

IX. 1863: Turning Point : War Tips to the North Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville 3.June 1863—Gettysburg, PA 4.Bloodiest overall battle of the war 5.Lee; never again try to attack the N. 6.Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg 7.Won’t get European support; never win again

8.July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS 9.Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River 10.Gettysburg Address 11.Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the Union Army

Sherman’s March to the Sea

X. Consequences 1.Generation lost; 620,000 2.Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home, etc : 4 million new Americans (13th Amend.) 4.Politics: preserving the Union; federal gov. supreme 5.American democracy survived 6. Reconstruction  industrialization

XI. Reconstruction 1.13 th Amendment—Abolishes slavery

2. 14 th Amendment, Protect Rights of all U.S. citizens 2.Due process & equal protection 3.No state/fed. office; Conf. officers th Amendment 1868, 1. States can’t prevent citizens from voting based on: race, color, or previous servitude