NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 WIYN: NOAO User’s Committee October 13, 2004 Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale, NOAO Photo by Amy Eckert, Discover Magazine

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Instrumentation at WIYN Currently supported general-use instruments  MiniMosaic (4Kx4K) imager  OPTIC (4Kx4K) imager [50% availability from J. Tonry]  WTTM (2Kx2K) tip/tilt corrected imager [always on]  Hydra [always on]  Densepak  Sparsepak Near-term upgrades  Hydra rebuilt last year for reliability and maintenance  Bench upgrades for throughput gains of 2-3X VPH gratings (740 line in-hand; 3550 line in 6 months) New CCD (finer pixels, faster readout, better red/blue) Short FL, off-axis collimator

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Off-axis collimator design completed  awaiting final consensus between project scientist and optical designer 740 line VPH grating ready to be tested – deferred to react to CCD failures and to focus on Hydra commissioning 3550 line VPH grating designed by Matt Bershady  R > 20,000 at nm; optimized for nm  glass purchased (250mm x 500mm x 30mm)  Fabrication by CSL (Belgium); delivery by December 2004 Project web page updated Web PageWeb Page CCDs being tested (2600x4000 x 12 micron), contract with Univ of Arizona in place to thin, package, and test CCDs Status – Bench

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Instrumentation on 2+ Year Track WHIRC – Funded by STScI, WIYN, and (hopefully) NSF  2Kx2K NIR imager for WTTM  0.09” pixels for near-diffraction limited imaging  Expected availability – mid-2006  Being built at STScI (Margaret Mexiner, Don Figer) QUOTA – NSF funded  8Kx8K imager with OT CCDs (OTAs)  16 arcmin FOV  Expected availability – mid-2006 ODI – Funding from WIYN (thus far), but NSF proposals to be written  32Kx32K imager with OTAs  Details to follow

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 WHIRC Summary WIYN High Resolution InfraRed Camera Wavelength range 0.8 – 2.5  m Plate scale0.09”/pixel Object planeFrom WTTM Focal plane Hawaii 2RG (2K 2 with 18  m pixels) Image sizeDiffraction– or WTTM–limited PSF Pupil locationAccessible for cold Lyot stop Achromaticity (goal) No refocusing between filters (WTTM prohibits telescope refocusing) Filters Up to 14 filters (J, H, K s, numerous narrowband, eg. Br γ, HeI, H 2, CO, perhaps some redshifted)

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 WHIRC Performance - K

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 QUOTA and ODI ODI (2005)  32K x 32K Array -- Uses 64 OTAs QUOTA (2004)  “Quad Orthogonal Transfer Array” – 8K x 8K prototype to test new CCDs, controllers, software Uses 4 OTAs – each is 4Kx4K 16” Diagonal ~22.5 inches; Corrector ~26 inches diam

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Motivation: Excellent Image Quality Over 1° WIYN produces great images WIYN has a natural 1° field of view Based on Tip/Tilt Performance at WIYN (Claver)  Tip/tilt improves seeing by ~15% in FWHM (typically about 0.14”)  RIZ medians become ~ 0.52”, 0.43”, 0.35”  Atmosphere decorrelates at 2 arcmin: degrades 0.32” images 10%

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 OTCCD pixel structure Basic OTCCD cell Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA) OTA: 8x8 array of OTCCDs

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Summary of OTA Properties 64 independent 480x494 CCDs  Individual addressing of CCDs  2 arcmin field of view at LSST  Bad columns confined to cells  Point defects are tolerated Cells with bright stars  guide stars, or read fast, up to 30 Hz, to avoid blooming, or for time studies 8 video channels – 2s readout Intercell gaps ( mm; 1-3”); dithering required Inter-OTA spacings: ~2 mm (20”) 5cm 12 um pixels = 0.11” at WIYN

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 QUOTA and ODI: Orthogonal Transfer CCD Arrays A collaborative effort between:  MIT Lincoln Laboratory (Burke)  Semiconductor Technology Associates (Bredthauer)  Univ of Hawaii / PanSTARRS (Tonry, Luppino)  WIYN Observatory (Jacoby)  Univ of Arizona / Imaging Technology Laboratory (Lesser)

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 OPTIC: The OTA’s Ancestor Example – 300s R-band image  3 of 4 guide regions selected  Read at Hz  Tip/tilt correct remaining pixels CCD Format  2 – 2Kx4K OT CCDs  4 high-speed read zones  4 science zones

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 OPTIC: A Time Domain Application Quick readout of selected regions Enables the Hz time domain for CCDs Example – planet transits  0.3s samples binned to 60s  Relative accuracy ~ 6E-4  Approaches HST (1E-4) Planet Transit

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 STA CCD Array Configuration 8x8 Array of elements 480 x 494 Subcells allow for increased busing area 3840 x 3952 pixels per OTA 336 μ x 132 μ streets (30x11 pix) mm

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Packaging Designed by G. Luppino and M. Lesser Fabricated by Kyocera; being assembled by Luppino

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Handling Provides safe handling Allows for rapid installation and testing of OTA

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Building ODI

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 QUOTA and ODI ODI (2005)  32K x 32K Array -- Uses 64 OTAs QUOTA (2004)  “Quad Orthogonal Transfer Array” – 8K x 8K prototype to test new CCDs, controllers, software Uses 4 OTAs – each is 4Kx4K 16” Diagonal ~22.5 inches; Corrector ~26 inches diam

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Detector Development Status Foundry run started in Jan 2004; all wafers received in August Divided lot into 3 silicon groups to guard against flaws  8 wafers of ~30  -cm material (thin to ~15  m)  8 wafers of ~150  -cm material (thin to ~23  m)  8 wafers of ~5000  -cm material (thin to ~45  m) Under evaluation, revealing problems in logic:  Logic not switching cleanly – current leakage is occurring. (Similar problems with MIT/LL devices, too) Good news  The “going-in” worry (4-phase design for OT) was non-issue! We have only OTCCDs outside of Lincoln!  Lincoln/PanSTARRS test devices work – revolutionary concept of an OTA has been proven.  Yields are ~70% (before thinning and packaging)  J. Tonry has offered to explore running our CCDs

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 STA/Dalsa 6-inch Wafers 2600x4000 pixels 12 microns Great for spectroscopy applications 2X USNO CCDs 1Kx2K 800x1200 pixels 2 OTAs, STA LogicDesign 1 OTA, Lincoln Logic Design

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Expected Device Properties Pixel rates > 0.7 Mpix/s (readout of array in 3 seconds) Read noise 6-8 e- (degraded by long video lines on chip) Pixel size is 12  m; MITLL also running 10  m pixels Thinning depends on resistivity (thus, so does QE, MTF vs ) Blooming is different than usual CCD with channel stops – “puddling” of charge instead of trails is cosmetically cleaner

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 QUOTA and ODI Timelines Ramp-up of personnel (mechanical engineering, programmers): now Conceptual Design Review (CoDR) for ODI: Dec QUOTA purchases (dewar, filters, shutter, CryoTiger): March 2005 Second foundry run completes: April 2005 ODI PDR: Sept 2005 QUOTA integration: Dec 2005 QUOTA commissioning: Mar 2006 ODI details available, but commissioning: mid-2008

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Conceptual Design Review In October 2003, Board asked for CoDR within a year Filters Shutter Dewar Corrector Element #1 ADC + Corr Element #2 Dewar & Window (Corr Element #3)

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 ODI Optical System Basic design is complete, toleranced, and mechanically analyzed Element 1 Element 2 Element 3 Fused Silica ADC: fused silica + LLF6HT Filter Focal Plane

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Deflection Of Dewar Window Under 6000 Lbs of Atmospheric Force.0028” (71 microns) deflection at center

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Detector Development - Demonstration Example of an image using an MIT/LL OTA showing the controller board at Hawaii. Image provided by John Tonry. Concept of OTA is demonstrated.

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 Detectors: Next Steps Package thick OTA Continue testing and evaluation at Hawaii and WIYN If usable at all, test single OTA on telescope (0.9m) Begin Phase II of CCD contract – for a half-lot of wafers with design revisions (12 wafers  36 OTAs)  Plan minimum changes that yield science-grade OTAs  Estimated cost $100K  Estimated turnaround is 3-4 months We have 8 promising 2600 x 4000 pixel CCDs for Bench, Future Echelle, KPNO, IU, SALT – cost recovery possible

NOAO User’s Cmte, October 13, 2004 WIYN in 5 Years Hydra on Fixed Port ODI on other Fixed Port Cass Port (in service for 2 years)  Yale dual-beam slit spectrograph (in commissioning)  Densepak  Sparsepak? New Port (“folded cass”)  WHIRC on WTTM  Densepak?  Small university instruments