Community-Based Corrections for Juveniles Chapter 11 Community-Based Corrections for Juveniles

Chapter Outline Introduction and Overview of Juvenile Corrections History of Juvenile Corrections Juvenile Community Corrections Juvenile Probation Juvenile Probation Process Probation Caseload Probation Conditions Issues in Juvenile Probation Working in Juvenile Probation Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter Outline Continued Variations in Juvenile Probation Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP) Shock Probation School-Based Probation House Arrest and Electronic Monitoring Alternative Sanctions in Juvenile Community Corrections Mediation Restitution Community Service Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter Outline Continued Community Correctional Alternatives to Incarceration Counseling and Specialized Treatment Programs Day Treatment Programs Foster Care Group Homes Wilderness and Adventure Programs Vocational and Apprenticeship Programs Aftercare for Juveniles, Juvenile Parole, and Parolee Services Qualities of Effective Juvenile Correctional Programs Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Overview of Juvenile Corrections Police Juvenile Courts Juvenile Correctional System Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Adjudicated Delinquency Cases by Disposition 1985-2002 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Juvenile Correctional Alternatives Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

History of Juvenile Corrections The juvenile correctional system in the U.S. grew bifurcated (two-pronged) manner. State reform and training schools The vast array of community-based and private institutions and programs Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Juvenile Community Corrections Community corrections is a broad term used to capture a variety of correctional alternatives with one common characteristic: they are less restrictive than institutional corrections and are literally operated in the community. The majority of juveniles under sanction in the U.S. are under some form of community corrections. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Variables that Influence Disposition Circumstances of the offense committed Prior history with the juvenile justice system Characteristics of the juvenile Juvenile’s family situation Juvenile’s social situation Availability of community resources and alternative placements Availability and workload of staff and correctional personnel Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Juvenile Probation Probation – a sanction where the court releases a youth to a parent or other guardian to live in the community under certain rules and conditions. Probation in America began with the work of John Augustus. It costs more to incarcerate a juvenile in a facility than it does to put him on probation. Most juvenile offenders on probation never recidivate. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Deferred Adjudication or Informal Probation A situation in which a youth agrees to follow certain probation conditions without going to court. There is generally no direct supervision by the probation department and the probation is terminated within a short period of time as long as the juvenile does not commit any new offenses. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Probation Conditions Attend school regularly Attend work regularly Do not use alcohol and drugs Submit to random drug screening Check in with probation officer regularly Attend special counseling or treatment Do not associate with known criminals Do not commit any crimes Maintain established curfew Do not posses a weapon Pay restitution Perform community service Obey parents or guardian Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Issues in Juvenile Probation Probation departments cannot control or limit their caseloads. Issues of safety on the job have lead to many jurisdictions to begin arming probation officers and requiring them to become certified law enforcement officers. The goals of probation. New state laws have increased the punitive ability of the court. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Probation Officer’s Responsibilities Making intake decisions Preparing Pre-sentence investigation reports. A liaison for the juvenile court. Preparing dispositional plans Supervising juveniles on probation Making decisions about the progress of juveniles on probation Overseeing aftercare for juveniles released from secure placement Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Juvenile Probation Intensive supervision probation Shock probation School-based probation House arrest and electronic monitoring Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Intensive Supervision Probation Programs Based on a philosophy of risk control Proper identification of juveniles who need ISP is essential Requires a comprehensive effort encompassing highly structured supervision and a broad array of treatment alternatives Broad base of ongoing community support Financial commitment to ISP in the jurisdiction Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Alternative Sanctions in Juvenile Community Corrections Mediation Restitution Community service Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Counseling and Specialized Treatment Programs Day treatment programs Foster care Group homes Wilderness and adventure programs Vocational and apprenticeship programs Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.