CHALLENGES AT HOME AND ABROAD

WHISKEY REBELLION SUMMER 1794 EXCISE TAX AS PART OF FUNDING & ASSUMPTION EXCISE TAX AS PART OF FUNDING & ASSUMPTION NOWHERE ENFORCED MORE THAN IN WESTERN PA NOWHERE ENFORCED MORE THAN IN WESTERN PA REVENUE AGENTS HOMES’ BURNED; AGENTS TARRED & FEATHERED REVENUE AGENTS HOMES’ BURNED; AGENTS TARRED & FEATHERED GW SENDS 13,000 MILITIA GW SENDS 13,000 MILITIA REBELLION ENDS BEFORE IT BEGINS REBELLION ENDS BEFORE IT BEGINS DON’T MESS WITH AUTHORITY OF G. WASHINGTON DON’T MESS WITH AUTHORITY OF G. WASHINGTON

OHIO COUNTRY, INDIANS & BRITISH BATTLE OF FALLEN TIMBERS “LAST BATTLE OF THE REVOLUTION” INDIANS IN NW TERRITORY DIDN’T AGREE TO HAND OVER THEIR LAND BRITISH SOLDIERS STILL OUT WEST LITTLE TURTLE & MIAMI TRIBE LED SUCCESSFUL BATTLES AGAINST US DECISIVE VICTORY AUGUST 1794 GENERAL “MAD ANTHONY” WAYNE AGAINST INDIANS TREATY OF GREENVILLE 1795 – DEFINITE BOUNDARY BETWEEN US & INDIAN LANDS.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 & WAR IN EUROPE 1793 APRIL 1793 PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY “FRIENDLY & IMPARTIAL” TO ALL BELLIGERENTS GENET AFFAIR – FRENCH LOOKING FOR SUPPORT – BREAKING US LAW, REBUFFS WASHINGTON & GW ASKS FOR HIS RECALL MORE IMPORTANT THAT GENET WAS VIOLATION OF AMERICAN SHIPPING RIGHTS FRANCO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE OVER GB AND FR ATTACKING AMERICAN SHIPS – DAMAGE GREAT IN

JAY TREATY 1795 JAY SENT TO ENGLAND TO GET ATTACKS ON AMERICAN SHIPS TO END JAY SENT TO ENGLAND TO GET ATTACKS ON AMERICAN SHIPS TO END ENGLAND WANTED TREATY: FEARFUL OF AN FRANCO- AMERICAN ALLIANCE ENGLAND WANTED TREATY: FEARFUL OF AN FRANCO- AMERICAN ALLIANCE ONLY ONE MAJOR CONCESSION: BRITISH WILL EVACUATE WESTERN POSTS, COMPENSATE SHIPOWNERS, OPEN UP ASIAN COLONIES FOR TRADE ONLY ONE MAJOR CONCESSION: BRITISH WILL EVACUATE WESTERN POSTS, COMPENSATE SHIPOWNERS, OPEN UP ASIAN COLONIES FOR TRADE AMERICAN NEUTRAL RIGHTS ON THE WATER NOT RESPECTED AMERICAN NEUTRAL RIGHTS ON THE WATER NOT RESPECTED VALUABLE NONETHELESS BECAUSE RELATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN REGULARIZED – ESSENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC & POLITCAL SECURITY OF US VALUABLE NONETHELESS BECAUSE RELATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN REGULARIZED – ESSENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC & POLITCAL SECURITY OF US ENABLED US TO SOLVE PROBLEMS WITH SPAIN ENABLED US TO SOLVE PROBLEMS WITH SPAIN

PINCKNEY TREATY 1795 TREATY OF SAN LORENZO SPAIN’S EXIT FROM EUROPEAN WAR FEARFUL OF FRANCO-AMERICAN ATTACK IMPROVE RELATIONS WITH U.S. FREE NAVIGATION OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND RIGHT OF DEPOSIT AT NEW ORLEANS RATIFIED 4 MONTHS AFTER JAY; 10/1795 SETTLERS POUR INTO WEST- NEW STATES KY & TN – MS & IN TERRITORIES

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS SEPTEMBER 1796 DISENCHANTED WITH RIVALRY BETWEEN FEDERALISTS & REPUBLICANS: DISENCHANTED WITH RIVALRY BETWEEN FEDERALISTS & REPUBLICANS: Violation of neutral rights, French Revolution, Informal political organization by Jefferson & Madison 1791, no machinery for nominating candidates for federal office – done by caucus not people. Violation of neutral rights, French Revolution, Informal political organization by Jefferson & Madison 1791, no machinery for nominating candidates for federal office – done by caucus not people. AVOID POLITICAL PARTIES AVOID POLITICAL PARTIES NO FOREIGN ENTAGLEMENTS – TEMPORARY ALLIANCES FOR EXTRAORDINARY PURPOSES ONLY- POLICY OF ISOLATION NO FOREIGN ENTAGLEMENTS – TEMPORARY ALLIANCES FOR EXTRAORDINARY PURPOSES ONLY- POLICY OF ISOLATION

ELECTION OF 1796 FEDERALIST JOHN ADAMS FEDERALIST JOHN ADAMS REPUBLICAN THOMAS JEFFERSON REPUBLICAN THOMAS JEFFERSON PINCKNEY AS POSSIBLE VP FOR ADAMS – HAMILTON’S INTERFERENCE PINCKNEY AS POSSIBLE VP FOR ADAMS – HAMILTON’S INTERFERENCE ELECTION RESULTS: FEDERALIST PRESIDENT & REPUBLICAN VICE PRESIDENT ELECTION RESULTS: FEDERALIST PRESIDENT & REPUBLICAN VICE PRESIDENT ADAMS 71 ADAMS 71 JEFFERSON 68 JEFFERSON 68 PINCKNEY 59 PINCKNEY 59

CONTINUED TROUBLE WITH FRANCE & AMERICAN SHIPPING NEGOTIATE SETTLEMENT WITH FRANCE NEGOTIATE SETTLEMENT WITH FRANCE “XYZ AFFAIR” – FIASCO “XYZ AFFAIR” – FIASCO 1798 ADAMS RELEASES REPORT FROM COMMISSIONERS 1798 ADAMS RELEASES REPORT FROM COMMISSIONERS CONGRESS CREATES NAVY DEPT., TRIPLE SIZE OF ARMY, AMERICAN PRIVATEERS BEGIN ATTACKING FR. SHIPS CONGRESS CREATES NAVY DEPT., TRIPLE SIZE OF ARMY, AMERICAN PRIVATEERS BEGIN ATTACKING FR. SHIPS REPUBLICANS COMMITTED TO FRIENDSHIP W/ FRANCE REPUBLICANS COMMITTED TO FRIENDSHIP W/ FRANCE EUROPEAN REFUGEES FLOODING INTO AMERICA EUROPEAN REFUGEES FLOODING INTO AMERICA WAR NOT AN OPTION WAR NOT AN OPTION

ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS 1798 FEDERALISTS TAKE XYZ AFFAIR A STEP FURTHER FEDERALISTS TAKE XYZ AFFAIR A STEP FURTHER NATURALIZATION ACT – 14 YRS RESIDENCE FOR CITIZENSHIP NATURALIZATION ACT – 14 YRS RESIDENCE FOR CITIZENSHIP PRESIDENTIAL POWER TO EXPEL ALIENS – NEVER INVOKED BUT SOME LEFT IN FEAR PRESIDENTIAL POWER TO EXPEL ALIENS – NEVER INVOKED BUT SOME LEFT IN FEAR SEDITION ACT: CRIME TO INCITE RIOT OR IMPEDE LAWS & ILLEGAL TO SPEAK, WRITE AGAINST GOV’T SEDITION ACT: CRIME TO INCITE RIOT OR IMPEDE LAWS & ILLEGAL TO SPEAK, WRITE AGAINST GOV’T GOV’T “MASTERS NOT SERVANTS OF THE PEOPLE” GOV’T “MASTERS NOT SERVANTS OF THE PEOPLE” WAY TO SILENCE REPUBLICANS W/ 1800 AROUND THE CORNER WAY TO SILENCE REPUBLICANS W/ 1800 AROUND THE CORNER

THE REPUBLICAN RESPONSE THE VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLVES TJ BELIEVED ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS VIOLATED 1ST AMENDMENT & THEREFORE IMPEDED UPON STATES’ RIGHTS STATES HAD RIGHTS TO DECLARE LAW OF CONGRESS UNCONSTITUTIONAL FRANCE NEVER WANTED WAR & XYZ AFFAIR NOT A BIG DEAL FOR FRANCE SO COMMISSIONERS TO BE RECEIVED POST HASTE TENSION B/W ADAMS & FEDERALISTS NAPOLEON IN CHARGE BUT WAR AVOIDED – CONVENTION 1800