KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

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KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Presentation transcript:

KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that condense it. DNA double helix DNA and histones Chromatin Supercoiled DNA

DNA plus proteins is called chromatin. chromatid telomere centromere One half of a duplicated (replicated) chromosome is a chromatid. Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere. Telomeres protect DNA and do not include genes. Condensed, duplicated chromosome

Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells. Parent cell centrioles spindle fibers centrosome nucleus with DNA Interphase (remember 3 stages – G1, S and G2) During S of interphase, the DNA is copied (replicated).

Mitosis divides the cell’s chromosomes in four phases. 1. Prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form. They “attach”.

2. Metaphase - chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell 2. Metaphase - chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. (no nucleus)

3. Anaphase, sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell.

4. Telophase, the new nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil.

Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells. In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed. (outside in) In plant cells, a cell plate forms (inside out)