Ch 11 The First World War Section I World War I Begins

Causes of World War I 4 long-term causes 4 long-term causes –Nationalism  Devotion to the interest and culture of one’s nation –Imperialism  Europeans had been building empires –Militarism  The development of armed forces –Alliances  The Triple Entente becomes the Allies  The Triple Alliance becomes the Central Powers

Alliances Triple Entente Allies Triple Alliance Central Powers FranceBritainRussiaFranceBritainRussiaItaly United States Germany Austria- Hungary Italy Germany Ottoman Empire

Label the following on your map Germany Germany Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Italy (stripe) Italy (stripe) France France Britain Britain Russia Russia Serbia Serbia Belgium Belgium

An Assassination Leads to War Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany Germany declared war on Russia and her ally of France Germany declared war on Russia and her ally of France Germany marched through Belgium, Britain declares war on Both Germany and Austria- Hungary Germany marched through Belgium, Britain declares war on Both Germany and Austria- Hungary

The Fighting Starts On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium (Schelieffen Plan) On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium (Schelieffen Plan) Trench Warfare, German soldiers in one and Allies in the other “no man’s land” between Trench Warfare, German soldiers in one and Allies in the other “no man’s land” between Fighting for yards of ground Fighting for yards of ground

Americans Question Neutrality Most Americans saw no reason to enter WWI Most Americans saw no reason to enter WWI Loyalties were divided Loyalties were divided British Propaganda British Propaganda –Showed the harshness of Germany Economic ties were far stronger with the Allies Economic ties were far stronger with the Allies

War Hits Home The British Blockade The British Blockade –American ships carrying goods for Germany refused to challenge the blockade –By 1917 famine stalked Germany U-Boat Response U-Boat Response –(unterseeboot) threatened any ship in the war zone –Lusitania – British Passenger liner

He kept us out of war In the 1916 election

Sinking of the Arabic and Sussex The U.S. warned that they would break off diplomatic ties with Germany The U.S. warned that they would break off diplomatic ties with Germany

The United States Declares War Declares WarDeclares War On 1/31/1917 Kaiser Wilhelm announced that U- boat would have unrestricted warfare On 1/31/1917 Kaiser Wilhelm announced that U- boat would have unrestricted warfare Zimmermann note – proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico. Zimmermann note – proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico. –Mexico would occupy the U.S. and in return they would get the lost territory of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona Sinking of 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant ships Sinking of 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant ships Russia’s monarchy was replaced with a representative government Russia’s monarchy was replaced with a representative government

U.S. Declares War April 2, 1917 Wilson asks for a declaration of war April 2, 1917 Wilson asks for a declaration of war Make the world “safe for democracy” Make the world “safe for democracy”

Section 2 American Power Tips the Balance

America Mobilizes Selective Service Act – Draft Selective Service Act – Draft Selective Service Act Selective Service Act Mass Production – Women were encouraged to work in factories Mass Production – Women were encouraged to work in factories –Capitalist money drives production America turns the tide America turns the tide –Convoy system –Freshness and enthusiasm (dough boys)

American Expeditionary Force led by John J. Pershing American Expeditionary Force led by John J. Pershing Weapons Weapons –Machine gun –Tank –Airplane ( surveillance to bombs )

New Hazards Shell shock, battle fatigue, emotional collapse Shell shock, battle fatigue, emotional collapse Trench foot –from standing in cold wet trenches Trench foot –from standing in cold wet trenches Trench foot Trench foot Trench mouth Trench mouth Trench mouth Trench mouth

American Troops Allies Stop German Advance Russia pulls out of war 1917; Germans shift armies to western front Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of Brest- litovsk - come within 50 miles of Paris Americans help stop German advance, turn tide against Central Powers

The Collapse of Germany November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders to Allies German sailors, soldiers rebel; socialists establish German republic - Kaiser gives up throne Germans exhausted; armistice, or truce, signed November 11, 1918

The Final Toll World War I bloodiest war in history to date more than half of 22 million dead are civilians 20 million more are wounded 10 million people become refugees

Vocabulary (15 words) Section 1 Section 1 –Nationalism –Militarism –Allies –No man’s land Section 2 Section 2 –Eddie Rickenbacker –American Expeditionary Force –Alvin York –Conscientious objector Section 3 Section 3 –Great Migration Section 4 Section 4 –14 points –League of Nations –Georges Clemenceau –War-guild clause –reparations –Henry Cabot Lodge

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