1 testing17 Software Testing Functional, MCC, Dataflow Testing, Cause-Effect Graphing

2 testing17 Testing from Fall 04 u Test phases –Unit, Integration, System, Acceptance, Regression u Structural testing –C0, C1, Boundary u Random testing –Operational profile u Test plans

3 testing17 Functional Testing u Black Box testing u Deriving test cases from the requirements

4 testing17 Example Problem - Pay Program u reads in hours and wages u hours must be > 0 and < 80 u wages must be > 0 and < 100 u time and a half is paid for hours > 40 u output messages are –"wages in error" –"hours in error" –"no error"

5 testing17 pay example But plotting the domain is not always practical

6 testing17 Non-graphical functional testing u Build a matrix –every row is a condition from the problem –construct all the truth-table possibilities –indicate the output for every column –every column becomes a subdomain –create a test for every column u Identify important boundaries –create 2-on, 1-off test for each important boundary

7 testing17 condition < hTTTFTT h<80TTFTTT 40< hFTTFxx 0 < wTTTTTF w < 100TTTTFT outputn.e. hrs wag Solution

8 testing17 TTYP Task u Build a test matrix for the triangle problem –Given 3 inputs, interpret them as the lengths of the sides of a triangle –Output the type of triangle: »Scalene, isosceles, equilateral, not a triangle, bad inputs

9 testing17 Multiple Condition Coverage u For each decision –test case for true and test case for false –same as C1 u For each complex (involves logical operators) decision –test case for each combination of T/F for each relational operator –A || B requires TT, TF, FT, FF –Lazy evaluation => TX, FT, FF

10 testing17 TTYP Task – MCC u Generate the test sets to achieve multiple condition coverage for the “if a>=b+c || b>=a+c || c>=a+b” decision in the triangle problem

11 testing17 Data flow coverage u Def x is a node where x is defined (given a value) u Use x is a node where the value of x is used in an expression or a decision –C use is in a computation –P use is in a decision (predicate) u A def-free path is a path from a definition to a use that does not include another definition of that variable.

12 testing17 dcu - from every def to a c-use u c-use (computation) u if a variable is defined in node A and there are computational uses in node B and D, the dcu coverages requires an def-free path segment of either ABC or ACD

13 testing17 dpu - from every def to a p-use u p-use (predicate) u if a variable is defined in node A and it is used in a decision in C, the dpu coverage requires two def-free paths, one with segment of A...CD and one with A...CE

14 testing17 du - from every def to every use u if a variable is defined in node A and there are computational uses in node B and D, the du coverage requires a def-free path from node A to node B and a def-free path from node A to node D

15 testing17 TTYP task u Generate test case sets for triangle problem –dpu –dcu –du

16 testing17 Cause-Effect Graphing u Identify the basic conditions: b1, b2 (aka causes, atomic conditions) u Identify the effects as boolean expressions of the conditions u Identify combinations of the boolean expressions

17 testing17 Classic Example - boiler u Boiler should shut down if –Water level is below 20,000 lb –Water level is above 120,000 lb –Degraded mode and steam meter fails (Degraded mode if water pump has failed or pump monitor has failed)

18 testing17 Conditions for boiler u B1 – water below 20,000 lbs u B2 – water above 120,000 lbs u B3 – water pump has failed u B4 – pump monitor has failed u B5 – steam meter has failed u E1 – shut the boiler u E1 = (B1 or B2 or (B5 (B3 or B4))

19 testing17 TTYP u Identify the basic conditions for the triangle problem u Identify the effects (e.g. scalene) and their boolean conditions

20 testing17 Thursday, Apr 6 u OO testing –Pressman , –SOS ch 13 u PreLecture quiz –functional, mcc, data-flow,