Overview of Aquaculture

World annual average per capita consumption of fish and fishery products (kg/capita) s 1980s s 16.7? 2030

Million tonnes

Aquaculture Production

Fish is the most valuable exported agricultural commodity from developing countries

Fish exports (1976–2005) US$ billion

World Fish Trade 2005 (by value)

Commodity breakdown (Trade)

Aquaculture still is the fastest growing food producing sector in the world.Aquaculture still is the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. Aquaculture now accounts for almost 50% of the global food fish.Aquaculture now accounts for almost 50% of the global food fish. In million tonnes of aquatic animals worth USD 78.8 billion were produced globally.In million tonnes of aquatic animals worth USD 78.8 billion were produced globally. Given the projected population growth, an additional 27 million tonnes of aquatic food will be required by 2030, at least to maintain the current per caput consumption.Given the projected population growth, an additional 27 million tonnes of aquatic food will be required by 2030, at least to maintain the current per caput consumption.

Since 1970, aquaculture sector maintained an average annual rate of growth of 8.7 percent worldwide, andSince 1970, aquaculture sector maintained an average annual rate of growth of 8.7 percent worldwide, and 6.5 percent per year when excluding China.6.5 percent per year when excluding China. The rate of growth of aquaculture production between 2004 and 2006 were 6.1 percent in volume and 11.0 percent in value.The rate of growth of aquaculture production between 2004 and 2006 were 6.1 percent in volume and 11.0 percent in value.

Aquaculture trends and forecast Aquaculture will intensify, diversify, and expand Production of all species groups (including seaweeds) will be increased New species will appear All environments will be increasingly utilized More and more resources will be used in increasing quantities. More people will be involved in aquaculture production. More and more constraints to be faced!

Fisheries stock enhancement Bait production Ornamentals Biomedical Photograph by HBOI

Commercially Cultured Species Photograph by HBOI CatfishTilapiaTroutSalmon Striped Bass Striped BassOystersClamsShrimpCatfishTilapiaTroutSalmon OystersClamsShrimp

Research and Development Species SnapperCobiaFlounderPompanoSturgeonTunaConchLobsterSnapperCobiaFlounderPompanoSturgeonTunaConchLobster Photograph by HBOI

Aquaculture Systems Open –Netpens, cages, longlines, bottom culture Semi-closed –Ponds, raceways, tanks Closed –raceways, tanks

Water Systems Flow-through: one time use of water Recirculation: reuse of water

Aquaculture systems: Closed Water is reused - little or no effluent Sophisticated water filtration and treatment Recirculating aquaculture systems, aquariums Photograph by HBOI

Aquaculture systems: Flow-through Pretreatment Water Source Rearing Tank Effluent Photographs by HBOI

Aquaculture systems: Recirculating Pretreatment Rearing Tank Water Source Post treatment Effluent Water treatment Biofiltration Disinfection Photographs by HBOI

Recirculating aquaculture systems Disadvantages Higher costs Higher skill level Complex system, potential problems Must provide all feed Buildup of toxins & pathogens Advantages Environmental control Free of outside contaminants Fewer regulatory constraints

Open systems:Ponds

Ponds

Open systems:Net Cages

Tilapia cages

Red tilapia

Closed systems: Circular Tanks

Rectangular tanks

Tilapia Aquaponics

Aquaponics