Health and Wellnes Benefits Chapter 3 Health and Wellnes Benefits

Hypokinetic Disease: What is it and why do I need to know what it means Hypokinetic disease is a health problem or illness that is in part caused by a lack of regular physical activity (sedentary lifestyle) What it means to you: As teens get older and quit playing sports and extracurricular activities, the amount of time they spend in physical activity greatly reduces As they become more sedentary, they become more likely to develop a hypokinetic condition

What are some examples of hypokinetic conditions Leading causes of health threats Heart disease-things such heart attack, heart valve problems, & heart failure Cancer-various forms and stages of cancer exist Stroke-form of heart disease but listed as separate health threat

Heart Disease (Cardiovascular Disease) Heart disease has been the LEADING cause of death in the U.S. each year since 1920 It is a primary or partial cause of 60% of all deaths Currently, 1 in 4 Americans has some form of heart disease

Causes of heart disease Each reason someone could get heart disease is called a RISK FACTOR The more risk factors you have, the more chance you have of getting a disease Two types of risk factors: primary & secondary Primary examples: sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high blood pressure, too much body fat & having diabetes

RISK FACTORS Primary examples: sedentary lifestyle smoking high blood pressure, too much body fat Diabetes Secondary examples: stressful living & excessive alcohol use

Heart disease vocabulary HEART ATTACK: occurs when blood supply into or within heart is reduced or cut off As a result, an area of the heart muscle can die ATHEROSCLEROSIS: clogging of the arteries Arteries are pipelines that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body When arteries get clogged, the heart has to work harder to pump blood

Vocabulary Continued Your heart beats & forces blood through arteries causing blood to push against artery walls This force of blood against artery walls is BLOOD PRESSURE Two types of blood pressure SYSTOLIC: pressure in your artery right after the heart beats (higher of 2 readings) DIASTOLIC: pressure in artery just before the next beat of heart (lower of 2 readings)

BLOOD PRESSURE Normal 1 2 3 Systolic < 120 140- 159 160- 179 180 + 160- 179 180 + Diastolic <80 90- 99 100- 109 110+

VOCABULARY STROKE: occurs when oxygen in the blood supply to the brain is severely reduced or cut off Because a stroke damages the brain, it can affect a person’s ability to move, think, and speak HYPERTENSION: high blood pressure Regular physical activity is one way to lower blood pressure Take blood pressure when relaxed

CANCER More than 100 different disease characterized by the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells Cancer’s uncontrolled cells invade normal cells, steal their nutrition, and interfere with cells’ normal functions Death rate from ALL forms of cancer is lower in active people than in inactive people Some forms of cancer are considered hypokinetic (breast & colon cancer)

DIABETES DIABETES: a person’s body cannot regulate sugar levels Type 1 Diabetes Not a hypokinetic condition Often hereditary & accounts for 10% of diabetes Insulin is used for treatment Type 2 Diabetes Hypokinetic because people who are active are less likely to have it Too much body fat is a risk factor Used to be called adult onset diabetes

OBESITY a condition in which a person has a high % of body fat Often a result of inactivity Since 1980, the % of obesity among teens has increased from 5% to 14%

OSTEOPOROSIS The structure of the bones deteriorates and the bones become weak Most common among older people, but can begin in youth Those who exercise develop stronger bones than those who don’t Important to do exercises that cause you to bear weight (walking, strength training) Women are more likely to develop than men as a result of hormonal changes that can cause calcium absorption to become less efficient

Benefits of physical activity & wellness Improved sense of well being and mental functioning Healthy fat levels Resistance to fatigue Opportunity for social interaction Ability to meet emergencies Healthy body systems Enjoy leisure activities

HYPERKINETIC CONDITIONS Health problems caused by doing too much physical activity Examples Overuse injuries Activity Neurosis Body image disorder Eating Disorders

OVERUSE INJURY Ch. 2 taught us that these occur when you do so much physical activity that your bones, muscles, or other tissues are damaged Examples Stress fractures Shinsplints blisters

ACTIVITY NEUROSIS People are overly concerned about getting enough exercise and are upset if they miss a regular workout They usually work out when sick or injured Risk of getting cold or flu is reduced if you are a regular exerciser, but those who do EXCESSIVE exercise have increased risk of getting a cold or flu

Body image disorder This disorder occurs when a person tries to achieve an ideal body by doing excessive exercise Teenage boys with body image disorder will usually work out too much and use dangerous supplements such as steroids Teenage girls strive for extreme thinness and their body image disorder can result in an eating disorder

EATING DISORDER Results from an extreme desire to be abnormally thin Often results in dangerous eating habits and excessive activity to expend calories for fat loss Eating disorders that abuse exercise are considered hyperkinetic conditions Two main types Anorexia Bulimia

HEALTHY BACK & GOOD POSTURE 25 million Americans per year seek a doctor for back related problems Back pain is experienced by 80% of all adults at some point in their lives Studies show that 1/3 of elementary school children experience back pain & teenagers have as many back problems as adults

BACK PROBLEMS A backache is considered a hypokinetic condition because weak & short muscles are linked to some types of back problems By building fit muscles to improve your posture, you can help reduce the risk of back pain

BACK PROBLEMS Good fitness helps the back operate efficiently because your body parts are balanced like blocks on your legs Chest hangs from your spine & is balanced over your pelvis Head sits on top of your spine, balanced over other blocks Your spine is flexible & can move back & forth; the pull of your muscles keeps your body parts balanced If your muscles on 1 side are weak & long while muscles on opposite are strong & short your body parts are pulled off balance

LORDOSIS Back problem that often occurs among teens Definition: too much arch in the lower back Also called swayback Results when abdominal muscles are weak and hip flexor muscles are too strong & too short Can lead to backache

Why are backaches so common? Even people who are fit in other areas can lack fitness in muscles related to back problems One reason is sports and games often UNDERDEVELOP some muscles and neglect others It is not uncommon for school athletes to have back problems

POSTURE PROBLEMS STRONG, LONG MUSCLES CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD POSTURE PTOSIS: protruding abdomen KYPHOSIS: rounded back and shoulders Good posture Helps prevent back problems Helps you work & play efficiently

PRINCIPLES TO HELP IMPROVE POSTURE Use the large muscles of the body when lifting –let strong leg muscles, not weak back muscles When lifting, keep your weight (hips) low-squat with back straight & hips tucked Divide a load to make it easier to carry Avoid twisting while lifting Push or pull heavy objects rather than lift Avoid a bent-over position when sitting, standing, or lifting

Reducing Risk Factors Be able to identify important risk factors Take steps to change the risk factors that are in your control Physical activity Tobacco use Take steps to change risk factors that are partially under your control Blood pressure Learn about your family history Check to see what diseases your parents & grandparents have had

DIABETES CONTINUED Diabetes can cause: Damage to blood vessels, heart, kidneys, and eyes Very high level of sugar can cause coma and death