Criminal Justice Today Twelfth Edition CHAPTER Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Crime Picture 2

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter Agenda Describe the FBI’s UCR/NIBRS Program, including its purpose, history, and what it tells us about crime in the United States today Describe the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) program, including its purpose, history, and what it tells us about crime in the United States today

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chapter Agenda Compare and contrast the UCR and NCVS data collection and reporting programs Describe how the special categories of crime discussed in this chapter are significant today

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated assault Burglary Larceny Motor vehicle theft Arson

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Describe the FBI’s UCR/NIBRS Program, including its purpose, history, and what it tells us about crime in the United States today

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Uniform Crime Reporting Created in 1927 by IACP Seven crimes  Crime index  1979, arson added  Part I offenses Crime rate Clearance rate

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved National Incident-Based Reporting System 1988 Goals  Enhance the quality, quantity, and timeliness of crime data collection by law enforcement  Improve methodology used for computing, analyzing, auditing, and publishing the collected data

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Crimes Against persons  Violent crime involving use of physical force Crimes against property  Crime in which property is taken unlawfully Crimes against public order  Acts that disrupt peace in a civil society

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Index Crimes Criminal homicide Rape Assault Robbery Burglary Larceny Motor vehicle theft Arson

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Traditional UCR Consist of aggregate crime counts Records one offense per incident, as determined by the hierarchy rule, which suppresses counts of lesser offenses in multiple-offense incidents Does not distinguish between attempted and completed crimes Records rape of females only

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2010 Crime Clock for Violent Crimes One murder every 34.5 minutes One forcible rape every 6.0 minutes One robbery every 1.3 minutes One aggravated assault every 39.1 seconds

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Major Crimes Known to Police, Arson can be classified as either a property crime or a violent crime depending on whether personal injury or loss of life results from it’s commission. It is generally classified as a property crime, however. Arson statistics are incomplete for Source: Adapted from Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, 2010 (Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 20011) U.S. Total11,206,8993,685.0

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved UCR/NIBRS Part II Offenses, 2010 Offense CategoryNumber Simple Assaults1,298,342 Forgery and Counterfeiting90,127 Fraud234,199 Embezzlement21,402 Stolen Property (e.g., Receiving)111,319 Vandalism285,012 Weapons (e.g., Carrying)179,661 Prostitution and Related Offenses75,004 Sex Offenses (e.g., Statutory Rape)79,914 Drug-Law Violations1,702,537 Gambling9,811 Offenses Against the Family (e.g., Nonsupport)118,419 Driving Under the Influence1,483,396 Liquor-Law Violations625,939 Public Drunkenness611,069 Disorderly Conduct685,985 Vagrancy33,852 Curfew Violations/Loitering133,063 Runaways109,225

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Describe the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) program, including its purpose, history, and what it tells us about crime in the United States today

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The National Crime Victimization Survey 1972, partially as a response to problems with UCR Based on self reports, rather than police reports Designed to estimate the occurrence of all crimes, whether reported or not The Bureau of Justice Statistics

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The National Crime Victimization Survey Approximately 15% of American households are touched by crime every year About 16 million victimizations occur each year City residents are almost twice as likely as rural residents to be victims of crime

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The National Crime Victimization Survey Victims of crime are more often men than women Younger people are more likely than the elderly to be victims of crime Blacks are more likely than whites or members of other racial groups to be victims of violent crimes Violent victimization rates are highest among people in lower-income families

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Comparison of UCR/NIBRS and NCVS Data, 2010 Source: Compiled from U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Victimization, 2010 (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011)

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objective Compare and contrast the UCR and NCVS data collection and reporting programs

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Underreporting UCR/NIBRS The Belief That the Police Can't Do Anything Fear of Reprisal Embarrassment About the Crime Itself/or Fear During NCVS False or Exaggerated Reports Unintentional Inaccuracies Memory Problems/May Not Remember the Exact Details Forgotten Crimes

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Describe how the special categories of crime discussed in this chapter are significant today

Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12e Frank Schmalleger Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Special Categories of Crime Crimes against women Crimes against the elderly Hate crimes White-collar crimes Organized crime Gun crime Drug crime Cybercrime Terrorism