Migration from settlement areas in England and Wales: assessing evidence for a social gradient Migration, Race and Population Dynamics Gemma Catney and.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Unequal Wales: the evidence Victoria Winckler Bevan Foundation.
Advertisements

Experiences of Discrimination: The Impact of Metropolitan and Non- Metropolitan Location Brian Ray, University of Ottawa Valerie Preston, York University.
Attrition in the LS: issues, results, and conclusions Lucinda Platt University of Essex.
Employment and the Labour Market for women from minority ethnic groups Angela Dale, University of Manchester Collaborators: Jo Lindley, Shirley Dex. Funders:
Community Cohesion in Oldham Bruce Penhale Corporate Policy Manager Oldham MBC.
The migration of young adults of different ethnic groups Nissa Finney (CCSR) Conference on Community, Migration and Ethnicity.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN SUBURBANISATION IN ESTONIA Tiit Tammaru University of Tartu Centre for Migration and Diaspora Studies.
Ethnic Penalties in the Labour Market: The Public-Private Sector Divide Sin Yi Cheung Oxford Brookes University Anthony Heath University of Oxford.
LFS User Group meeting 21 October 2003 Measuring ethnicity in the LFS Vivienne Avery Labour Market Division, ONS.
Yaojun Li Institute for Social Change Manchester University Measuring Social Progress -- Labour.
Secondary Analysis Research on Ethnicity Using Government Data & SARs Reza Afkhami ESDS Government & SARs 1 st November University of Bristol.
The Samples of Anonymised Records: Understanding Individual differences Mark Brown.
EALAW Conference 29 th March 2011 Newport Minority Ethnic Achievement: Myth or Miracle? What do the statistics for Wales tell us about Race Equality in.
Historical Changes in Stay-at-Home Mothers: 1969 to 2009 American Sociological Association Annual Meeting Atlanta, GA August 14-17, 2010 Rose M. Kreider,
THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH NATION
Urban population density
Centre for Housing Research, University of St Andrews Occupational mobility and neighbourhood effects: a longitudinal study ESRC Seminar Series – 4 & 5.
Integration in London Eric Kaufmann Birkbeck College, University of London
Hoyt’s Sector Model. Background Research conducted by economist Homer Hyot ( ) in 1939 Studied 64 widely distributed American cities Publication:
The Rural – Urban Continuum
Workshop B: Aging, shrinking regions and access to services Prof. Simin Davoudi Director of Social Systems Institute for Research on Environment and Sustainability.
Trends in gender and ethnic occupational segregation in England and Wales: Longitudinal evidence by L. Blackwell and D. Guinea-Martin.
Sample of Anonymised Records: User Meeting Propensity to migrate by ethnic group: 1991 & 2001 Paul Norman 1, John Stillwell 2 & Serena Hussain 2 School.
Zaiga Krisjane University of Latvia
Dynamics of diversity: evidence for West Yorkshire from the 2011 Census Dr Stephen Jivraj & Dr Nissa Finney Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity, University.
Decreasing segregation and increasing integration in England and Wales: what evidence of ‘White flight’? Dr Gemma Catney Leverhulme Trust Early Career.
Population Movement Into and Out of Canada's Immigrant Gateway Cities --- A Comparative Study of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver Feng Hou Business and.
Migration and the Economy in Cornwall A quantitative analysis on the relationship between migration and the economy in the small areas of Cornwall Stuart.
Migration and politics (particularly voting) in London Tony Travers LSE.
Segregation and integration in the UK Ludi Simpson Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, University of Manchester Politics and demography.
Diversity and change, national and local our experience of using the 2011 census results Ludi Simpson Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research.
Measuring Regional Economies: Visualising the data Dev Virdee Head of Regional Economic Analysis Division Office for National Statistics United Kingdom.
Brent Diversity Profile Labour Market Work patterns in Brent May 2015.
Immigrants or citizens? Distinguishing immigrant settlement areas from ethnically diverse residential areas Ludi Simpson BSPS Annual Conference Manchester,
Ghetto’s In Canada?. Research Methods All of their statistical information comes from the 1991 and 2001 census They took the information from the census.
Internal migration flows in Northern Ireland: exploring patterns and motivations in a divided society Gemma Catney PhD Research Student Centre for Spatial.
Internal migration of Britain’s ethnic populations Serena Hussain and John Stillwell School of Geography University of Leeds Presentation for the UPTAP.
Ethnic Population Distribution, Immigration and Internal Migration in Britain: What Evidence of Linkage at the District Scale? John Stillwell and Oliver.
Institute for Employment Research,
Migration Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
The Ins and Outs of Migration Population Trends and Policies.
Sustainable rural populations: the case of two National Park areas Alan Marshall Ludi Simpson Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research.
Population Movements in Urban Areas: Counterurbanisation
Using the 2001 Census to measure the migration of ethnic groups in relation to concentration John Stillwell School of Geography, University of Leeds Presentation.
Equality and Human Rights Commission Presentation to UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics, 6-8 October 2008.
ETHNIC MIGRATION IN BRITAIN: Analyses of census data at district and ward scales John Stillwell and Adam Dennett School of Geography, University of Leeds,
Measures of immigrant stocks in the UK Emma Wright Office for National Statistics, UK.
Patterns of Prejudice Debbie Weekes-Bernard Head of Research.
Ethnic group population change and integration Introduction to UPTAP Fellowship research Nissa Finney, UPTAP Workshop March 2008.
The dynamics of Britain’s ethnic group populations: the roles of natural change and net migration in producing the ethnic mosaic Nissa Finney and Ludi.
Residential ethnic segregation for age cohorts in England and Wales, Centre for Census and Survey Research (CCSR)
Voting as a measure of social inclusion for natives, immigrants and descendants in Sweden Pieter Bevelander International Migration & Ethnic Relations,
An ecological analysis of crime and antisocial behaviour in English Output Areas, 2011/12 Regression modelling of spatially hierarchical count data.
Residential Patterns In MEDC’s IB SL. Location Clear pattern of residential location. Highest residential cities are associated with inner-city areas.
URBANIZATION AND COUNTER-URBANIZATION BY ETHNIC ORIGIN IN ESTONIA Tiit Tammaru Department of Geography University of Tartu, Estonia The Fourth International.
The geography of change in ethnicity and national identity in the UK David Owen, Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4.
INTERNAL MIGRATION BY ETHNICITY: A LONDON WARD-LEVEL STUDY John Stillwell School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT Paper prepared for the.
Saving Profiles of Ethnic Minorities: a Life Cycle Analysis Gough, O., Sharma, A., Carosi, A., Adami, R. London, 10/05/2013 Pensions Research Network.
Measuring ethnic group population change for small areas using census microdata and demographic population estimates ESRC Research Methods Festival St.
Exploring the movement of ethnic groups into or out of electoral wards Antonia Simon Research Officer
Roots. Demography Demography is the study of population characteristics Changing population trends in the UK is an important topic for geographers to.
7.1 How have cities grown and what challenges do they face? 7.1a The world is increasingly urbanised as cities grow due to different processes Lesson 1-
1 Race and Housing in Britain: Evidence and Policy Omar Khan, Director.
Occupational restructuring challenges competencies-project
How does this BBC TV series link to today’s lesson
Kapadia & Nazroo 6th December 2013
David McEvoy Liverpool John Moores University
Nissa Finney (University of Manchester)
Residential Patterns In MEDC’s
Presentation transcript:

Migration from settlement areas in England and Wales: assessing evidence for a social gradient Migration, Race and Population Dynamics Gemma Catney and Ludi Simpson Migration, Community and Ethnicity Conference, 2 nd April

Internal migration and ethnic differences/similarities Why of interest? –Minority self-segregation and White flight –Concerns over selective migration leading to increased spatial segregation (e.g. residential) What do we know about the migration behaviour of ethnic groups in the UK? –Differences between ethnic groups migration patterns can largely be explained by their current socio-demographic composition and urban location. –Characteristics of migrants similar for each ethnic group. Highest for: 20–29 year olds, renters, highly qualified, without LLTI, students, unemployed and those with more professional occupations (Finney and Simpson 2008; Simpson et al. 2008).

Migration and social class Greater income relates to improved economic means to migrate Counterurbanisation and suburbanisation is by those who can afford to make such moves Therefore there is a selectivity to migration by social class

Background and rationale Immigrant settlement areas (aka concentrations, gateway cities, ports of entry (Frey 1994, 1995; Musterd and Andersson 2005; Liaw and Frey 2007)). In GB, we know that minorities who have origins in immigration in the second half of the 20 th Century are deconcentrating to suburban and rural locales. Spatial assimilation of immigrants over time. But motivations in question: White flight and self- segregation?; competition in the labour market?; or natural mobility over the life course?; industrial restructuring?

Research questions A social gradient? Defined as a different probability of movement for those of professional socio-economic class than for those of intermediate or lower socio- economic class. 1. Does a social gradient exist for the residential mobility of those who lived in settlement areas of England and Wales? 2.Is a social gradient associated with moves away from settlement areas and in particular towards other areas to which minorities have dispersed? 3.Is the social gradient, such as it exists, similar for each ethnic group?

Methods and hypotheses Social class proxy = National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NSSeC) Area classifications: settlement, dispersal Hypotheses: –Those most likely to migrate from immigrant settlement areas are those with the greatest economic resources. –If migration does vary by level of affluence then a social gradient may be apparent with respect to migration propensity and occupational class membership. –If such affluent flight can explain racial migration patterns, then a similar social gradient would be expected for each ethnic group, and a similar probability of migrating for people of common socio-demographic characteristics, irrespective of ethnic group. Logistic regression (age, gender, birthplace, NSSeC and ethnic group, and an interaction between age and sex) –Commissioned table

Key findings Clear evidence for a social gradient with respect to movement from settlement areas. For those who originated in settlement districts, the probability of moving was greater if in higher than lower occupational classes. Migrants were more likely to move outside their own (settlement) district, and to a non-settlement district, if in professional forms of employment. Where it exists, this social gradient is the case for all ethnic groups.

Model White Mixed Indian Pakistani Banglades hi Caribbean African Chinese Other Non-White *2* : Move vs no move 2: Move outside own district vs move within own district 3: Move to non-settlement district vs move to another settlement district 4: Move beyond a contiguous dispersal district vs move to a contiguous dispersal district

Graphed probabilities for Model 1*2*3: Move to non-settlement district.

Key findings (cont.) London was shown to have a distinct pattern of migration. Evidence of a reverse social gradient when London was modelled separately. Less affluent Whites in a settlement district in London were more likely to move to a non-settlement district than were Whites in higher NSSeC classes. England and Wales as a whole: findings consistent for most ethnic groups – so little evidence for distinct migration behaviour for different groups.

Conclusions and policy implications There are many reasons for the decrease in White population in many areas of greatest minority concentration: eg Suburbanisation, counter-urbanisation, and commuting back to cities as aspirational moves that have been operating since at least the 1950s. But, differential by class, and similar for each ethnic group. This can therefore not be seen as White flight.

The movement from minority concentrations is of minorities, not only of the White population Most of the reasons for movement of the White population also apply to minorities, who are also moving out of their own concentrations. Indians are leaving Leicester, Bangladeshis are leaving Tower Hamlets, Caribbeans are leaving Lambeth, and Pakistanis are leaving Bradford. Thus White flight is an inappropriate term in all these areas (and many others). The movement is socially differentiated: aspirational moves may be further than moves motivated by lack of local housing. This is so for both Whites and minorities

To a significant extent, each ethnic groups internal migration in the UK can be explained by counter-urbanising and suburbanising patterns: Since internal migration was first measured in the census in 1961, there has been movement away from industrial and commercial urban centres to their suburbs and further to smaller towns and more rural areas. This movement away from cities that subsequently attracted immigration was prior to that immigration (and can be seen as a pre-condition for it).

Local policy is most likely to be effective in helping minority residents to move outside their current concentrations, to better environments, because this meets the majority of minority young peoples aspirations and needs. Tensions are most likely in suburbs surrounding current diverse neighbourhoods, where hostility to new families may be greatest. This is where integrative support for new and existing residents is most needed.

Migration, Race and Population Dynamics project: Working paper on social gradient research: