Knowledge Management and Virtual Learning Learning machines support learning individuals Prof. dr. Walter R. J. Baets Director Graduate Programs Euromed Marseille – Ecole de Management Professor Information, Innovation and Knowledge Universiteit Nyenrode, The Netherlands Business School

NOTION The Nyenrode Institute for Knowledge Management and Virtual Education Achmea Microsoft Atos/Origin Philips Sara Lee/DE

Wanderer, your footprints are the path, and nothing more; Wanderer, there is no path, it is created as you walk. By walking, you make the path before you, and when you look behind you see the path which after you will not be trod again. Wanderer, there is no path, but the ripples on the waters. Antonio Machado, Chant XXIX Proverbios y cantares, Campos de Castilla, 1917

A very great musician came and stayed in our house, He made one big mistake … He was determined to teach me music and consequently, no learning took place. Nevertheless, I did casually pick up from him a certain amount of stolen knowledge. Rabindranath Tagore

You don’t know what you don’t know The problem You only know what you don’t know when you need it … then, all classical learning comes too late

Just-in-time Hence Just-enough Learning-by-doing Learning-while-doing Learning from past (corporate) experiences

It has to do with the pedagogical metaphor By the way Empty Ship’s metaphor versus Traveler's metaphor

Just like the optimal process does not exist The optimal learning solution does not exist either Strive for a 60 % solution

The advantage of e-learning technologies Communicative tools on a wider (flexible) scale Search engines

Origin of Taylor’s thinking in Management The computer: attempt to automate human thinking Manipulating symbolsModelling the brain Represent the worldSimulate interaction of neurones Intelligence = problem solvingIntelligence = learning 0-1 Logic and mathematicsApproximations, statistics Rationalist, reductionistIdealised, holistic Became the way of building computers Became the way of looking at minds

Some principles that apply to knowledge 1. Complex Adaptive Systems: unpredictability 2. Irreversibility of time principle (Prigogine) 3. Behavior far away from equilibrium (Prigogine) 4. Autopoiese (Varela) 5. Embodied mind (Varela) 6. Enacted cognition (Varela) 7. Artificial life (Langton) 8. Emergent behavior (agents; Holland) 9. Law of increasing returns (Arthur)

ENVIRONMENT Single-loop learning ENVIRONMENT Single-loop learning Environmental response Individual action INDIVIDUAL MENTAL MODEL & FRAMEWORKS INDIVIDUAL MENTAL MODEL & FRAMEWORKS ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES & SHARED MENTAL MODELS ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES & SHARED MENTAL MODELS Individual double-loop learning Organizational double-loop learning Organizational action OADI-cycle/Individual learning ASSESS DESIGN IMPLEMENT OBSERVE

. The Hybrid Business School EXPERIENCES INDIVIDUAL MENTAL MODEL & TACIT KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND COMMUNICATION SHARED MENTAL MODEL & KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORY Contextual Inter-Action Contextualization CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE 4 Real life 4 Databases 4 Procedures 4 Simulators 4 Executive seminars 4 Concepts 4 Theory Inter-Action

IT for the Hybrid Business School CASE BASED REASONING SYSTEM Structuring Advising ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS & OTHER A.I. TECHNIQUES Sharing and Communicating the Emergent COMMUNICATION PLATFORM / NEURAL NETWORKS Consultation Rules Learning Material Expertise 4 DATA BASES 4 LEARNING ENVIRONMENT 4 SIMULATORS 4 EXPERT SYSTEMS 4 COMPUTER BASED TEACHING 4 VIDEO- CONFERENCING IT for the Corporate Knowledge Approach

Some interesting technologies Artificial Neural Networks Genetic Algorithms Genetic Programming Fuzzy Logic Artificial life/Agent simulations Negotiating Agents Semantic Search Engines Case Based Reasoning Language technologies Machine learning technologies Conversational technologies

Your knowledge infrastructure Learning platform Provide an ICT infrastructure that allows full access and sharing facilities Content What knowledge to share: explicit implicit learned Ownership (search/learn principles) Remains with those that use it Those that want to learn decide what to learn Just-in-time, just-enough Culture Turn XYZ into a learning culture (via projects) Rewarding

Learning platform and search/learn principles The knowledge net Explicit knowledge (database) Search engine Implicit knowledge (case base) Case based reasoning system Cases stored in an adapted way A methodology for case analysis and storage Corporate knowledge repository Notion Learned knowledge (case base) Explicit knowledge that is enhanced via experience Using the same methodology for implicit knowledge Interviews with key knowledge owners Open learning platform Collaborative tools Dedicated search engines Accessibility for all Open to connect ‘any’ application Solution for e-learning The user with its learning agenda

Some (Best) Practices Xerox Heineken Atos Origin Sara Lee/DE McKinsey Dutch Police Knowledge Network General practitioners and hospital knowledge

INTERNET INTRANET PC CD ROM BOOKS WWW site + other knowledge applications A TYPICAL MANAGEMENT DIPLOMA COURSE 3O % SELF-STUDY (learning-by-doing) 2O % WORKSHOPS 50 % PROJECT WORK SKILLS/ ACTIVITIES CASESCASES CONCEPTS LEARNING/DATABASE SOFTWARE EXECUTIVE COURSES HYPERTEXT DATABASE

MBI&I Executive Programs Design of corporate virtual universities Modules of the MBI& I Workshops on innovation Action research programs E-learning support for classroom activities E-learning solutions

Over a period of 18 months 700 hours 900 hours300 hours Developing an intrapreneurial project (1) Developing an intrapreneurial project (2) E-ntrepreneurships project 9 courses based on virtual (tutor supported) individual and group study 6 on-campus weeks of workshops

The Hybrid Business School Building Blocks Ownership learn/search Learning Agenda (Pers. Development) culture platform ICT content Explicit knowledge Implicit knowledge Search engine learner + learning agenda Knowledge platform cases Skills Activities Concepts Practices Hyper linked Hyper linked Methodology Actions Outcomes (company-specific) Brainstorm 4 Brainstorms Project team Notion MD/HRM Line mgt IT Marketing/R&D IT/Application plan White Paper (Board approval) E-learning view 4 Action plans (Board approval) Infrastructure (Plan) Architecture

Knowledge Management and Virtual Learning Learning machines support learning individuals Prof. dr. Walter R. J. Baets Philips Chair in Information and Communication Technology Universiteit Nyenrode, The Netherlands Business School