Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Using software to facilitate the analysis of multi-media data © Dr Christina Silver CAQDAS Networking Project Department of Sociology University of Surrey

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Role of video & project purpose Main (or only) source of data Main (or only) source of data Supplementary to other forms of data Supplementary to other forms of data Transforming self-understanding Transforming self-understanding An agent of change An agent of change Altering the way we see & understand Altering the way we see & understand (Fries 2004)

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Approaches to Analysis Focus of inquiry Focus of inquiry –Content –Interaction –Video construction –Semiotics –Sound Level of analytic focus Level of analytic focus –Macro –Micro Units of analysis Units of analysis –Frame –Shot –Scene –Sequence –Whole …………………..

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Software may allow….. –Sequential viewing & reviewing –Slow motion….fast motion –Shuffling –Direct Coding of multi-media data (without transcript….?) –Combination of analytic strategies –Linking different data sources –Creation of hypermedia …depending on software used…

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Key differences in software functionality: Multi-media data Synchronisation between video and written transcript/notes Synchronisation between video and written transcript/notes Transana, CISAID Transana, CISAID Direct application of codes to video & audio clips Direct application of codes to video & audio clips Transana, ATLAS.ti, CISAID, QUALRUS, HyperRESEARCH, Transana, ATLAS.ti, CISAID, QUALRUS, HyperRESEARCH, The Observer Direct application of codes to graphics Direct application of codes to graphics ATLAS.ti, CISAID, QUALRUS, HyperRESEARCH, The Observer ATLAS.ti, CISAID, QUALRUS, HyperRESEARCH, The Observer Production of new multi-media files based on previous coding (i.e. video-editing) Production of new multi-media files based on previous coding (i.e. video-editing) The Observer The Observer Links & references to whole multi-media files (i.e. not to parts) Links & references to whole multi-media files (i.e. not to parts) Nvivo (external links); MAXqda (internal links) Nvivo (external links); MAXqda (internal links)

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Technical issues Archival versions of source video Archival versions of source video Selecting video to digitize Selecting video to digitize Converting Analog Video Converting Analog Video Tracking original source Tracking original source –Marking & numbering videos –ID / timecodes for each tape

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Software supported Video Formats ATLAS.ti 5 ATLAS.ti 5 –AVI video, MPG, MPEG, mp3 –Also handles audio, graphic and text formats QUALRUS QUALRUS –AVI video –Also handles audio, graphic, text and html formats Transana 2 Transana 2 –Handles several but MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 recommended NVivo 2 or 7 NVivo 2 or 7 –No direct handling of multi-media but can link to whole externally held files

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project ATLAS.ti 5 Developed by Scientific Software Developed by Scientific Software Individual Educational Licence 265GBP Individual Educational Licence 265GBP MS Windows platform MS Windows platform (but may work on MAC using PC emulation software) Single user version (but can merge projects) Single user version (but can merge projects) Originally developed to support Grounded Theory Originally developed to support Grounded Theory Handles text, video, audio & graphics Handles text, video, audio & graphics Very flexible Very flexible –hyperlinking –Generating networks –Memoing

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Using ATLAS.ti to Analyse Video Transcribe / Summarize in- or out-side ATLAS.ti Transcribe / Summarize in- or out-side ATLAS.ti Generate quotations (text & audio/video) Generate quotations (text & audio/video) Coding schema Coding schema Text searching to locate words/phrases (full transcript) Text searching to locate words/phrases (full transcript) Hyperlink textual quotations to corresponding audio/video quotation (or any other object) Hyperlink textual quotations to corresponding audio/video quotation (or any other object)

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project ….Using ATLAS.ti cont…. Managing the analytic process Managing the analytic process –Quotation naming –Commenting on Quotations –Thematic Memos (linked to other objects) –Network View Visual representations across whole project Visual representations across whole project Export whole project to HTML or xml Export whole project to HTML or xml

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Key Benefits & Drawbacks : ATLAS.ti Benefits Benefits –Integration of multiple data sources in 1 project –Flexible memoing, hyperlinking & network tools –Export to html / xml Drawbacks Drawbacks –Need to make video excerpts short (5 – 10mins) –Manual & individual link between text & video

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Transana 2 Developed by Centre for Education Research, Developed by Centre for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Madison Free, open source software Free, open source software MS Windows & MAC platform MS Windows & MAC platform Single & Multi-user versions Single & Multi-user versions Initially developed to facilitate transcription of video/audio Initially developed to facilitate transcription of video/audio Video directly linked to transcripts via timecodes Video directly linked to transcripts via timecodes Superb interactivity between video/audio & transcripts Superb interactivity between video/audio & transcripts Less sophisticated coding and searching possibilities Less sophisticated coding and searching possibilities

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Using Transana to analyse video Transcribe video (verbatim??) within Transana Transcribe video (verbatim??) within Transana Precisely link to video using timecodes Precisely link to video using timecodes Focus on video & transcript simultaneously Focus on video & transcript simultaneously Windows resizable enabling easy focus on aspect under consideration (transcript, audio waveform, video, database tree structure) Windows resizable enabling easy focus on aspect under consideration (transcript, audio waveform, video, database tree structure)

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project ….Transana cont… Create Clips…Organise into collections Create Clips…Organise into collections Play-back Collections Play-back Collections Application of Keywords Application of Keywords Make notes Make notes

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Key Benefits & Drawbacks : Transana Benefits Benefits –FREE and open source –Synchronicity & play-back –Multi-user version Drawbacks Drawbacks –Searches less sophisticated –Memo tools less flexible –Less easy to integrate other sources of data

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project Questions to ask yourself…. Is the video/audio the main source of data? Is the video/audio the main source of data? –or does it perform a supplementary purpose? –or do you also have other textual/graphic data? Do you need written transcripts to be directly linked to the video/audio? Do you need written transcripts to be directly linked to the video/audio? –Do you need full written transcripts at all? How much video data do you have? How much video data do you have? –Are you realistically going to analyse all of it to the same level? How important is it to go back and look at original source video at any point? How important is it to go back and look at original source video at any point? How important are memo tools? How important are memo tools? How are team members going to collaborate? How are team members going to collaborate? How important is output? How important is output? How do you intend to present your findings? How do you intend to present your findings?

Christina Silver (c) CAQDAS Networking Project References and Resources Ann Lewins & Christina Silver 2005 © Choosing a CAQDAS Package: Comparative Reviews of Several qualitative software packages available from Ann Lewins & Christina Silver 2005 © Choosing a CAQDAS Package: Comparative Reviews of Several qualitative software packages available from Dr Susanne Fries of Quarc the CAQDAS Networking Project "Computer-aided Qualitative Data Analysis of Multimedia Data : Technological Advances, Challenges and Methodological Implication Dr Susanne Fries of Quarc the CAQDAS Networking Project "Computer-aided Qualitative Data Analysis of Multimedia Data : Technological Advances, Challenges and Methodological Implication Michael Rich & Jennifer Patashnick 2002 Narrative research with audiovisual data: Video Intervention/Prevention Assessment (VIA) and NVivo International Journal of Social Research Methodology Vol. 5, NO. 3, Michael Rich & Jennifer Patashnick 2002 Narrative research with audiovisual data: Video Intervention/Prevention Assessment (VIA) and NVivo International Journal of Social Research Methodology Vol. 5, NO. 3,