1 Hydro Power Catherine Walker American Public University Used with permission from: Professor Stephen Lawrence Leeds School of Business University of Colorado Boulder, CO

2 Hydrologic Cycle

3 History of Hydro Power

4 Early Irrigation Waterwheel Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

5 Early Roman Water Mill Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

6 Early Norse Water Mill Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

7 Fourneyron’s Turbine Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

8 Hydro Power to Electric Power Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy Electricity

How it works 9

10 Uses of Hydro Power

11 U.S. Energy Consumption – US

12 World hydro production Source:

13 Three Gorges Dam (China)

14 Itaipú Dam (Brazil & Paraguay) “Itaipu,” Wikipedia.org

15 Guri Dam (Venezuela)

16 Grand Coulee Dam (US) docs/coulee.html

17 Percent Hydropower by US State

18 Hydropower Design

19 Terminology  Head Water must fall from a higher elevation to a lower one to release its stored energy. The difference between these elevations is called head  Dams: three categories high-head (800 or more feet) medium-head (100 to 800 feet) low-head (less than 100 feet)  Power is proportional to the product of head x flow

20 Types of Hydroelectric Installation Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

21 Conventional Impoundment Dam

22 Example Hoover Dam (US)

23 Diversion (Run-of-River) Hydropower

24 Example Diversion Hydropower (Tazimina, Alaska)

25 Pumped Storage Schematic

26 Example Courtright Reservoir (California)

27 Turbine Design

28 Types of Hydropower Turbines Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

29 Francis Turbine – Grand Coulee Dam "Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

30 Fixed-Pitch Propeller Turbine "Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

31 Kaplan Turbine Cross Section "Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com

32 Housing for Pelton Wheel – Seven Oaks Dam East End Hydro Operations

How a Pelton Turbine Works 33

34 Pros and Cons

Pros  Little to no emissions  Very responsive  Very efficient  Requires little maintenance  Create reservoir lakes Cons  Construction costs  Disruption of ecosystems  Sedimentation  Few feasible sites  Failure  Drought can affect power production 35