 Orthopaedic  Neuromuscular  Cardiovascular  Pulmonary disorders

 Severe adversely affects education  Includes the following: 1. congenital anomaly, 2. impairment caused by disease, 3. impairment caused by other

Congenital Anomaly  Clubfoot  Absence of some member

Impairments Caused by Disease  Poliomyelitis  Bone Tuberculosis

Impairments From Other Causes  Cerebral Palsy  Amputations  Fractures or Burns that cause contractures

 Wheelchairs  Crutches/canes  Artificial limbs

2 types congenital and acquired  Spina Bifida (congenital)  Spinal Cord Injuries (acquired injury)  Poliomyelitis Post Polio Syndrome (acquired disease)

 Complete  Incomplete  Paresis = muscle weakness

 Cervical (C1-C8)  Thoratic (T1-T12)  Lumbar (L1-L5)  Sacral (S1-S5)

Cervical Nerve Dysfunction (C1-C8)  Affects arm  hand movements  breathing

Thoracic Nerve Dysfunction (T1-T12)  Maintain Balance in Sitting position  Breath Forcefully Aerobic Endurance (cause respiratory distress)

Lumbar Nerve Dysfunction (L1-L5)  Affects Legs  Affects Foot Movement

Severity of Spinal Paralysis DEPENDS on;  Level of Lesion  Whether Complete or Incomplete Important: The higher the lesion the more loss of function

Quadriplegia and Paraplegia  Terms used to indicate level of severity

Quadriplegia  Involvement of all four limbs and trunk  ½ incomplete lesions meaning they can walk  High level Quads & Low-Level Quads

Quadriplegia (High level Quads)  Complete C1 and C4 lesions  Dependent on Motorized Chair  Note: C3 and above cannot breathe must have portable oxygen

Quadriplegia (Low level Quads)  Complete C5 and C8 lesions  Use Manual Chairs (participate in wheelchair sports)

Paraplegia  Means involvement of the Legs  Often includes Trunk Balance (helps indicate severity) Example:  T1-T6 lesions no useful sitting balance must be strapped in chair  T7-L1 lesion allows some useful sitting balance  L2 there is normal trunk control