Plants

General Characteristics  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Perform photosynthesis  Alternation of generations

Alternation of Generations  One haploid generation  One diploid generation

Alternation of Generations

Bryophytes  Liverworts  Hornworts  Mosses

Bryophytes  Small plants that grow in moist places on land  Damp rocks, logs, forest floor, swamps, marshes, beside streams and pools  Flagellated sperm cells  Lack vascular tissues

Tracheophytes  Vascular plants  Adapted to living on land

Psilopsids

Club Mosses

Horsetails

Ferns

Seed Plants

Tracheophytes  Protective layer of cells around reproductive organs  Multicellular embryos  Cuticles – waxy covering on outer cells  Xylem

Vascular Tissues  Specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients  Xylem – transports water and minerals  Phloem – transports water and food

Xylem and Phloem

Gymnosperms  Cone-bearing plants  Produce male and female cones

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms  Flower-bearing plants  Seeds are contained in a protective wall that develops into a fruit

Flowers

Double-fertilization

Parts of Plants

Roots  Anchor plant in soil or to object  Absorb water and minerals  Store carbohydrates, water and other nutrients

Root Structure

Types of Roots

Taproot  A thick root that has smaller, side- branching roots, e.g. cassava, carrots, beets, parsnips and turnips  Used for storage

Tap roots

Fibrous Roots  Made up of many smaller branching roots  All about the same size and grow from a central point  Do not grow as deeply, e.g. grass, strawberries, blueberries, scallions, marigolds and white clover

Fibrous Roots

Stems  Provide support and attachment for roots, leaves, buds and flowers  Allow growth in length and thickness  Transport water and minerals from roots to leaves  Transport carbohydrates from leaves to other parts

Types of Stems

Rhizome  An underground, horizontal stem that live through the winter, e.g. irises

Tuber  An enlarged portion of a rhizome, e.g. potato

Bulb  A shortened, compact, underground stem that is surrounded by fleshy leaves. E.g. onions, daffodils and tulips

Stolons  Also known as runners – aboveground stems, e.g. clover and strawberries